AKILLI LİMANLAR ÜZERİNE BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI

Denizyolu taşımacılığı, yüksek taşıma hacmi ve düşük maliyet gibi avantajlarından ötürü tedarik zincirinde tercih edilen taşıma türlerindendir. Bu sebeple uluslararası ticarete konu olan malların yaklaşık yüzde 90’dan fazlası denizyolu ile taşınmaktadır. Limanlar ise tedarik zincirinin önemli bağlantı noktalarından biri olarak denizyolu ve diğer taşımacılık türleri arasında köprü görevi görmektedir. Diğer taraftan ulusal ekonominin ve rekabetçiliğin gelişmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Yük elleçleme, depolama, tamir ve bakım, kurtarma faaliyetleri gibi birçok karmaşık ve dinamik faaliyeti bir araya getiren limanlar aynı zamanda, katma değerli hizmetler sunan tesislerdir. Literatürde limanlar, 1960’lı yıllara kadar yük elleçleme limanı, 1980’lere kadar endüstriyel liman, 1980’ler sonrası lojistik/tedarik zinciri limanı, 2010’lardan sonra ise akıllı liman olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, yoğun rekabet içerisinde limanların tedarik zincirindeki diğer paydaşlara bütünleşmiş hizmetler verebilmesi için günümüz koşullarına uygun olarak dijital dönüşüme ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, güncel bir konu olan akıllı limana ilişkin literatürdeki çalışmaları incelemek, bu alandaki gelişimi daha iyi anlamak ve gelinen son durum hakkında araştırmacılara bilgi vermek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada Dünya çapında etki değeri yüksek bilimsel dergileri kapsayan Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanı kullanılmış ve 86 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Çeşitli kriterlerle çalışmaların elenmesi sonucu 19 adet makaleye bibliyometrik analiz uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, kavramın literatürde yeni olduğu, en fazla “akıllı liman” anahtar kelimesinin kullanıldığı, Çin’in alana katkı veren öncü ülke olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın, akıllı liman üzerine araştırmacılara yeni ufuklar açacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Liman, Akıllı liman, Bibliyometrik analiz

A BIBLIOMETRIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMART PORTS

Maritime transportation is one of the preferred transportation mode in the supply chain due to its advantages such as high transportation volume and low cost. Thus, more than 90 percent of the goods subject to international trade are transported by sea. Ports, on the other hand, act as a bridge between maritime and other transportation modes as one of the important connection points of the supply chain. On the other hand, it contributes to the development of the national economy and competitiveness. Ports, which combine many complex and dynamic activities such as cargo handling, storage, repair and maintenance, and rescue activities, are also facilities that offer value-added services. In the literature, ports have been evaluated as a cargo handling port until the 1960s, as an industrial port until the 1980s, as a logistics/supply chain port after the 1980s, and as a smart port after the 2010s. Therefore, ports need digital transformation in accordance with today's conditions in order to provide integrated services to other stakeholders in the supply chain in intense competition. In this study, it is aimed to examine the studies in the literature on the smart port, which is a current issue, to better understand the development in this field and to inform the researchers. The Web of Science and Scopus databases, which include scientific journals with high impact around the world, were used and 86 studies were reached. As a result of the elimination of studies with various criterias, bibliometric analysis was applied to 19 articles. The findings showed that the concept is new in the literature, the keyword "smart port" is used the most, and China is the leading country contributing to the field. It is thought that this study will open new horizons for researchers on smart ports.

Keywords:

Port, Smart Port, Bibliometric Analysis,

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