STUDY OF GHURIDS SITUATION IN SULTAN MOHAMMAD KHWAREZM SHAH PERIOD

Anahtar Kelimeler:

.

STUDY OF GHURIDS SITUATION IN SULTAN MOHAMMAD KHWAREZM SHAH PERIOD

The Ghurids was a great and influential dynasty in Khwarezmian neighborhood. The Ghurids kings could extend their realm and appeared as a power from political, economical, cultural and military viewpoints so that Nasser-al-Din Allah The Abbassides caliph used them to achieve his goals and to confront his enemies specially Sultan Mohammad Khwarezm Shah. After the death of great kings of the Ghurids such as Sultan Ghias al-Din and Sultan Shahab al-Din and appearance of disputes inside this dynasty, they were killed by Sultan Mohammad Khwarezm Shah. In this article, it is tried to study the Ghurids circumstances, their weakness reason and their defeat against Sultan Mohammad KhwarezmShah by using descriptive-analytic method and valid references of controversial times

___

  • 1. Ostokheri, Abu Eshagh Ebrahim. (1994). Al-Masalek, Al-Mamalek (Policies and States). Tehran. Translated by Mohammad Ibn As‟ad Ibn Abdollah Testeri. Iraj Afshar(ed.). Charity Institude of Dr. Mahmoud Afshar.
  • 2. Ibn Asir, Ezzeddin Ali, Bi Ta. (1994). Alcamel (History of Islam and Iran).Tehran. Translated by Abul Ghasem Halat. Moasseseye Matboate Elmi Publication.
  • 3. Ibn Khaldoon, Abdol Rahman. (2004). Alabr (History of Ibn Khaldoon). Volume
  • 4. Tehran. Translated by Abdol Mohammad Ayati. Research Center for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies. 4. Ibn Esfandiyar, Baha al-Din Mohammad Ibn Hassan. (1987). Tarikhe Tabarestan (History of Ancient Hycania). Tehran. Abbas Eghbal(ed.).Khawar Publication.
  • 5. Baghdadi, Baha al-Din Mohammad Ibn Moayyed. (1936). Al-Tavassol Ela AlTarassol. Tehran. Ahmad Bahmanyar(ed.). Sherkate Sahami Chap Publication.
  • 6. Barthold, Wasili Veladimirovich (1987). Turkestan Nameh (About Turkestan). Tehran. Translated by Karim Keshavarz. Agah Publication. 2nd Edition.
  • 7. Bath Worth, Clifford et al (2002). History of Iran (from Seljuks to Decline of Ilkhanids). Tehran. Translated by Hassan Anousheh. Volume 5. Amirkabir Publication. 5th edition.
  • 8. Jozjani Menhaj Seraj. (1984). Tabaghate Nasseri (Classes of Nasseri)Tehran. Abdolhay Habibi(ed.). Donyaye Ketab Publication.
  • 9. Joveini, Ata Malek. (1996). Tarikhe Jahangoshai (History of World conquerors). Tehran. Mohammad Ghazvini(ed.). Donyaye Ketab Publication.
  • 10. Habibi, Abdolhay (1988). History of Afghanistan after Islam. Tehran. Donyaye Ketab Publication.
  • 11. Khandmir, Ghias al-Din Ibn Homam al-Din. (1984). Tarikhe Habib Alseir Fi Akhbar Afrad-e-Bashar. Tehran. Under the Supervision of Mohammad Dabir Siaghi. Khayyam Publication.
  • 12. Roshan Zamir, Mehdi. (2537). The Political and Military history of the Ghurids dynasty. Tehran. Iran National University.
  • 13. Zarrinkoob, Abdol Hossein. (2004).About Past Literature of Iran. Tehran. Sokhan Publication.
  • 14. Shabankarei, Mohammad Ibn Ali. (1984). Majmao al-Ansab. Tehran. Mir Hashem Mohaddes(ed.). Amirkabir Publication.
  • 15. Aroozi Samarghandi, Ahmad Ibn Omar. (1990). Chahar Maghaleh (Four Articles).Tehran. Mohammad Ghazvini(ed.). Amirkabir Publication.
  • 16. Foroughi Abri, Asghar. (2002). History of the Ghurids. Tehran. Samt Publication.
  • 17. Unknown (1987). Malek al-Shoara Bahar. Tehran. Padideh Publication.
  • 18. Lin Pol, Stanly. (1984).The Classes of Islam Sultans. Tehran. Translated by Abbas Eghbal. Donyaye Ketab Publication.
  • 19. Mostoufi Ghazvini, Hamdollah Ibn Aboubakr Ibn Mohammad Ibn Nasr. (1957). Nazhat al-Gholoob. Tehran. Mohammad Dabir Siaghi(ed.). Tahoori Publication.
  • 20. --------. (1998). Zafar Nameh (Book of Victory). Tehran. Nasrollah Pour Javadi(ed.). Markaze Nashr Daneshgahi Publication.
  • 21. Mirkhand, Mohammad Ibn Khavand Shah. (1960). Tarikh-e- Rozat al-Safa. Tehran. Khayyam Publication.
  • 22. Yaghoubi, Ahmad Ibn Abi Yaghoub. (2002). Al-baladan (The Cities). Tehran. Translated by Mohammad Ebrahim Ayati. Elmi va Farhangi Publication.