11 Eylül 2001 Terör Saldırıları Sonrasında Terörizmin Avrupa Güvenlik Mimarisine Etkilerinin Analizi

Terör ile ilgili çok farklı tanımlama girişimlerinin olduğu bilinmesine rağmen bugüne kadar literatürde kabul gören ortak bir tanımlama yapılması mümkün olmamıştır. Ancak tanımlanması nasıl yapılırsa yapılsın terör, masum ve savunmasız insanları sindirmek ve teröristlerin ulaşılmasını arzu ettiği sindirilmişlik algısının yaratılabilmesi için etkili bir araç olmuştur. Geçmiş dönemlere göre günümüzde gerçekleştirilen terör eylemleri, haberleşme vasıtalarının gelişmesiyle beraber etkisini de arttırmıştır. Dünyanın neresinde yaşanırsa yaşansın terör saldırılarından insanlar anında haberdar olmakta, bu sayede terörist faaliyetlerin temel gayesi olan hedef kitleyi etkileme amacı gerçekleşmektedir. 11 Eylül 2001 tarihinde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nde meydana gelen terör saldırıları devletler tarafından yüzde yüz güvenliğin sağlanamayacağının anlaşılmasını sağlamıştır. ABD’de yaşanan bu saldırılardan sonra Birlik sınırları içerisindeki Madrid ve Londra saldırılarının yaşanması, terörle mücadele kapsamında devletlerin ortaklaşa kararlar alınması gerektiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çalışmada 11 Eylül 2001 Terör Saldırılarının ardından Madrid ve Londra’da yaşanan bombalama eylemleri neticesinde Avrupa Birliği (AB) karar vericileri tarafından Birlik sınırları içinde terörizmi ortadan kaldırmak adına atılan adımlar incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda kolektif güvenliğin inşa edilmesi kapsamında meydana gelen strateji belgeleri ve Terörizm Durum ve Eğilim Raporlarının (Terrorism Situation and Trend Report / TESAT) analizi gerçekleştirilerek, alınan kararların Avrupa Güvenlik Mimarisi’ne etkilerinin analizi yapılacaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için çeşitli haber, belge, makale ve kitap taranarak oluşturulan literatürde içerik analizi ve yorumsamacılık yöntemleri kullanılarak bugüne kadar oluşturulmuş belgelerin terörle mücadele konusunda ne kadar başarılı olduğu ve uygulanan tedbirlerin etkili olup olmadığının analizi yapılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avrupa Birliği, Terör, Din Motifli Terörizm, Güvenlik Stratejisi Belgeleri, TESAT Raporları

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF TERRORISM ON THE EUROPEAN SECURITY ARCHITECTURE AFTER THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TERROR ATTACKS

Although it is known that there are very different identification attempts related to terrorism, it has not been possible to make a common identification accepted in the literature to date. But no matter how it is defined, terror has been an effective tool to intimidate innocent and vulnerable people and create a perception of intimidation that terrorists desire to reach. According to past periods, terrorist acts carried out today have increased their influence with the development of means of communication. No matter where it occurs in the world, people are instantly aware of terrorist attacks, thus the goal of influencing the target audience, which is the main goal of terrorist activities, is realized. The terrorist attacks in the United States (USA) on September 11, 2001 have made it clear that one hundred percent security cannot be ensured by the states. After these attacks in the United States, the Madrid and London attacks within the borders of the Union revealed that states should take joint decisions in the fight against terrorism. The study will examine the steps taken by European Union (EU) decision makers to eliminate terrorism within the borders of the Union as a result of the bombings in Madrid and London after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. In this context, analysis of strategy documents and Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TESAT) within the framework of building collective security will be carried out and the effects of the decisions taken on the European security architecture will be analyzed. In order to achieve this goal, Content Analysis and interpretation methods in the literature created by scanning various news, documents, articles and books will be used to analyze how successful the documents created so far have been in fighting terrorism and whether the measures implemented have been effective.

Keywords:

European Union, Terrorism, Religious Terrorism, Regional Security Strategy Documents, TESAT Reports,

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