This paper mainly deals with the religious educational institutions and their historical developments in Indonesia. It firstly focuses on the state of general education during the Dutch colonial and the Republican periods. Afterwards, it begins with the investigation of traditional religious educational system. In this respect, the historical development and the structure of religious educational establishments of pesantrens and the aspects. of educational life in these religious schools are taken into account. After that, it goes on the study of madrasas as the modem religious educational schools, especially their development and educational system in the said country. Then, the higher religious educational institutions such as Islamic State Institutes and Higher Islamic State Schools as well as private ones are examined in some detail. Finally, the subject of religious lessons in general and professional schools at the primary, secondary and university levels are discussed