TEK DİLLİ ÇOCUKLARDA DEYİMLERİN ANLAMLANDIRILMASI VE ÖNTÜRLÜK ETKİSİ

Dilbilim ve psikoloji alanına giren ulamlama konusu, dil edinimi çalışmalarından gelen verilerle aydınlanma bulmaktadır. Dereceli bir içyapıyı savunan Öntür Kuramı'na göre, zihinden çağrılma ve kavranma zorluğu üzerinde öntürlük etkilidir. Mevcut çalışma, deyimin anlamlandırılması ve bileşen adların öntürlüğü arasındaki ilişkiyi sorgulamaktadır. Araştırma grubu, anasınıfı, 3., 5. ve 8. sınıf düzeyindeki Türkçe tek dilli çocukları kapsamaktadır. Sormacayla, BEDEN BÖLÜMÜ üst ulamına ait kavramların öntürlük değerleri yaşlara göre belirlenmiştir. Bu kavram adlarını bileşeni olarak bulunduran deyimler, ad bileşeninin öntürlüğüne göre derecelendirilmiş, her biri bir kavrama testi içerisinde öykü ve resimlerle sunulmuştur. Yanıtların doğruluğu ve tepki süresi dikkate alınarak çözümleme yapılmıştır. Anasınıfı ve 3. sınıf grubu, ağırlıklı olarak gerçek anlamı seçmiş, diğer gruplarda ise ilerleyen yaşla birlikte değişmeceli anlama yönelim gözlenmiştir. Deyimleri kavrama yeterliliği gösteren gruplarda öntürlük etkisine işaret eden bulgular, deyimlerin kalıplaşmış sözcükler olduğunu ve bileşen sözcüklerin değişmeceli anlam üzerinde etkisiz olduğunu savunan görüşlere karşıt niteliktedir.

IDIOM COMPREHENSION AND PROTOTYPICALITY EFFECT IN MONOLINGUAL CHILDREN

Categorization, a problem of linguistics and psychology, is enlightened by language acquisition studies. According to the Prototype Theory, which supports a graded structure, prototypicality has an effect on recall and comprehension. The present study investigates the relationship between the prototypicality of component nouns and idiom comprehension. The target group comprises Turkish monolingual preschoolers, 3rd, 5th, and 8th graders. A questionnaire was administered to assess the prototypicality values of the concepts in the superordinate category BODY PART according to different age levels. The selected idioms were ranked based on the prototypicality of component nouns, and were presented in a comprehension test with short stories and pictures. Accuracy and reaction time were the variables taken into account during the analysis. It was found out that the preschoolers and 3rd graders mostly relied on literal meaning, while the older groups had a tendency for ?gurative meaning. The ?ndings from the participants who are competent in comprehending idioms support a prototypicality effect, whilst showing negative evidence regarding the views that consider idioms frozen, and component words having no impact on idiomatic meaning.

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