TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE BÖLGESEL İŞGÜCÜ VERİMLİLİK ARTIŞI VE YAPISAL DEĞİŞİM

Bir ekonomide kaynakların düşük verimli sektörlerden yüksek verimli sektörlere kayması yapısal değişim olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yapısal değişim de verimliliği artırmaktadır, bu durumda da ekonomik büyüme daha dinamik ve istikrarlı bir hal almaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, 2010-2020 dönemi için Türkiye’nin 26 bölgesinde (İBBS Düzey-2) yapısal değişim ve emek verimliliği artışının kaynaklarını analiz etmektir. Analizleri yapabilmek için çalışmada, Shift-Share Analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bunun için TÜİK veri tabanında yer alan iktisadi faaliyet kollarına göre gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla, zincirlenmiş hacim, endeks ve değişim oranları (2009=100) ve istihdam verileri kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, Türkiye’nin 26 bölgesinde verimlilik artışının temel kaynağı sektör-içi etkidir. Yapısal değişim etkisi neredeyse tüm bölgelerde pozitif olmasına rağmen emek verimliliği artışı üzerinde küçük bir etkisi vardır. 26 bölgenin tarım sektöründe sektör-içi etki daha baskın ve yapısal değişim etkisi negatiftir. Aynı şekilde bölgelerin sanayi sektöründe (TR71, TRA1, TRA2, TRB2 hariç) de sektör-içi etki daha baskındır. Ancak hizmetler sektöründe yapısal değişim etkisi daha iyi durumda olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla tarım ve sanayi sektöründe işgücünün yüksek verimli sektörlere yönelmediği ancak hizmetler sektöründe bu durumun daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yapısal Değişim, Verimlilik Artışı, Shift-Share Analizi.

REGIONAL LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN TURKISH ECONOMY

Structural change is labelled as the shift of resources from low productive sectors to those with high-value-added. The structural change process can stimulate the evolution of the economy by increasing productivity. This study examines structural change and the bases of labour productivity evolution in 26 regions of Turkey for 2010-2020 period. Therefore, the Shift-Share Analysis method was employed in the study. The TURKSTAT gross domestic product in chain-linked volume, index and percentage change (2009 = 100) and employment by kind of economic activity data were utilized. The consequences revealed that the within-sector effect is the primary basis of productivity evolution in 26 regions of Turkey. The structural change has a positive but minor bearing on total labour productivity evolution in almost all regions. The within-sector effect is more dominant in the agricultural sector, but the bearing of structural change is negative. Similarly, the within-sector effect is stronger in the regions' industrial sectors (except for TR71, TRA1, TRA2, TRB2). The bearing of structural change in the services sector was better than in other sectors. As a result, it has been observed that the labour force is not directed to high-value-added sectors, particularly in the agricultural and industrial sectors, but the situation is better in the services sector.

Keywords:

Structural Change, Productivity Growth, Shift-Share Analysis,

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