GELİR GRUPLARINA GÖRE COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE SAĞLIK SİSTEM PERFORMANSI ETKİNLİĞİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ

Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA), araştırmacıların ve politika yapıcıların en iyi uygulamaları belirlemesine, performansı karşılaştırmasına ve sağlık sistemlerinde iyileştirme alanlarını belirlemesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 4 farklı gelir grubunda yer alan ülkelerin COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık hizmetleri performans etkinliklerini belirlemek ve söz konusu ülkeler arasında karşılaştırma yapmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında örneklem seçimi yapılmayıp ülkelerin verilerine ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Veriler Dünya Bankası (DB) veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Verileri tam olan 88 ülke, düşük gelirli, alt orta gelirli, üst orta gelirli ve yüksek gelirli şeklinde dört farklı gelir gruplarına ayrılmıştır. 2019 yılı COVID-19 öncesini, 2020 yılı COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında ülkelerin sağlık sistem performansını ölçmek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Veriler, VZA ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık sistem performanslarına göre düşük gelirli ülkelerin %7’sinde (n=1), alt orta gelirli ülkelerin %12’sinde (n=2), üst orta gelirli ülkelerin %38’nde (n=9), yüksek gelirli ülkelerin %61’nde (n=20) etkinlik skorlarında azalış meydana gelmiştir. COVID 19 öncesi döneme göre en fazla azalışın yüksek gelirli ve üst orta gelirli ülkelerde görülmüştür. COVID-19 salgını sırasında ülkelerin sağlık sistemi göstergeleri iyi olsa bile, büyük şehir nüfusu, uluslararası seyahat ve önleyici tedbirlerin uygulanmasındaki zorluklar gibi faktörlerden üst-orta gelirli ve yüksek gelirli ülkelerin daha fazla etkilenmesi muhtemeldir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

COVID 19, Veri Zarflama Analizi, Sağlık Sistem Performansı, Gelir Grupları

MEASURING HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC BY INCOME GROUPS

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) allows researchers and policymakers to determine best practices, compare performance, and identify areas for improvement in healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to determine the healthcare service performance efficiency of countries in four different income groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and make comparisons among these countries. In the scope of the study, no sampling was conducted, and efforts were made to access the data of countries. The data were obtained from the World Bank database. The 88 countries with complete data were categorized into four different income groups: low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income. The year 2019 was used as the pre-COVID-19 period, while the year 2020 was used to measure the healthcare system performance of countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were analyzed using VZA. As a result of the analysis, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in efficiency scores was observed in 7% of low-income countries (n=1), 12% of lower-middle-income countries (n=2), 38% of upper-middle-income countries (n=9), and 61% of high-income countries (n=20) based on their healthcare system performance. The highest decrease compared to the pre-COVID-19 period was observed in high-income and upper-middle-income countries. Even if countries had good healthcare system indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic, factors such as a large urban population, international travel, and challenges in implementing preventive measures are likely to have a greater impact on upper-middle-income and high-income countries

Keywords:

COVID-19, Data Envelopment Analysis, Health System Performance, Income Groups,

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