Pediatrik Penil Cerrahisinde Preemptif Analjezi Deneyimlerimiz: Kaudal Blok ve Dorsal Penil Bloğun Analjezik Etkilerinin Retrospektif Olarak Karşılaştırılması
Amaç: Sünnet hastalarında postoperatif analjezi kontrolü oldukça önemlidir. Bu amaçla preemptif analjezi yöntemleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastanemizde Ocak 2016-Eylül 2017 dönemleri arasında sünnet hastalarına uygulanmış ve farklı kliniklerde en sık uygulanan preemptif analjezi yöntemlerinden kaudal blok ve dorsal penil bloğun yeterli olup olmadığını retrospektrif olarak karşılaştırmaktır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışma Ocak 2016-Eylül 2017 ayları arasındaki Ermenek Devlet Hastanesinde sünnet operasyonu geçiren ve preemtif analjezi amacıyla kaudal blok veya dorsal penil blok uygulanan 483 vakanın dosyalarının retrospektif olarak değerlendirildiği bir çalışmadır. Hastaların dosyalarındaki anestezi izlem formları ve hemşire gözlem formları incelenerek, hastaların demografik verileri, cerrahi süre, anestezi süresi, intraoperatif ve postoperatif analjezik ilaç ihtiyaçları ile verilme zamanlarına ve kaydedilen komplikasyonlara bakıldı. Hastaların servis gözlem kayıtlarından; ilk analjezik ilaç ihtiyaç süreleri, VAS skoru kaydedildi. Bulgular: Her iki grupta demografik veriler ve hemodinamik veriler benzer bulundu. Her iki grup karşılaştırıldığında kaudal grupta postoperatif analjezi süresi daha uzun, ilk 6 saatlik dönemde ek analjezik ilaç ihtiyacı olan hasta sayısı daha az ve VAS skoru daha düşük bulundu (p0,05). Sonuç: Sünnet operasyonu geçiren çocuklarda preemptif analjezi amacıyla bupivakain ile kaudal blok veya dorsal penil bloğun uygulanması kolay ve güvenlidir. Ancak kaudal blok postoperatif analjezi sağlamada daha etkilidir ve daha çok hasta memnuniyeti sağlamaktadır.
Our Experiences of Pre-emptive Analgesia in Pediatric Penile Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Caudal Block and Dorsal Penile Block
Objective: Postoperative analgesia control is very important in circumcision patients, so preemptive analgesiamethods are widely used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare patients undergoing circumcisionapplied with the most commonly used preemptive analgesia methods of caudal block or dorsal penile block, betweenJanuary 2016 and September 2017 in our hospital.Methods: This retrospective study included 483 cases who underwent a circumcision operation at Ermenek StateHospital between January 2016 and September 2017 and were administered caudal block or dorsal penile block aspreemptive analgesia. The anesthesia follow-up forms and nurse observation forms of the patients were examinedand a record was made of demographic data, duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative andpostoperative analgesic requirements and complications. From the clinics observation records of the patients, thetime of first analgesic drug requirement and VAS scores were recorded.Results: Demographic data and hemodynamic data were similar in both groups. When the two groups were compared,in the caudal group, the duration of postoperative analgesia was longer, fewer patients required additional analgesiain the first 6-hour period, and the VAS scores were lower (p 0.05).Conclusion: It is easy and safe to administer caudal block or dorsal penile block with bupivacaine for preventiveanalgesia in children undergoing circumcision. However, caudal block is more effective in providing postoperativeanalgesia
___
- 1.Morrison K, Herbst K, Corbett S, et al. Pain
Management Practice Patterns for Common Pediatric
Urology Procedures. Urology 2014; 83: 206-10.
- 2. Ödeş R, Erhan ÖL, Demirci M, et al. Effects of ketamine
added to ropivacaine in pediatric caudal block. Ağrı
2010; 22: 53-60.
- 3. Markakis DA. Regional anesthesia in pediatrics.
Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2000; 18: 355-81.
- 4. Canakci E, Yagan O, Tas N, et al. Comparison of
preventive analgesia techniques in circumcision cases :
Dorsal penile nerve block, caudal block, or
subcutaneous morphine? J PakMed Assoc 2017; 67:
159-65.
- 5. Polat R, Akin M, Keskin G, et al. Comparison of dorsal
penile block and caudal block with bupivacaine and
oral ibuprofen in children undergoing circumcision.
Journal of Anesthesia – JARSS 2015; 23: 238 – 43.
- 6. Mendil Erdoğan N, Kaymak S, Uğuz M, et al. Kaudal
Anestezinin Analjezik Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi :
Retrospektif Çalışma. J Contemp Med 2015; 5: 26-30.
- 7. Bengisun ZK, Ekmekci P, Haliloǧlu AH.
Levobupivacaine for postoperative pain management
in circumcision: Caudal blocks or dorsal penile nerve
block. Ağrı 2012; 24: 180-6.
- 8. Demiraran Y, Akman Y, İlçe Z, et al. Comparison of
Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Dorsal Penile Nerve
Block Versus Single Dose Caudal Epidural Block for
Penile Surgery in Children. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2005;
6: 47-52.
- 9. Bilgen S, Koner O, Menda F, et al. A comparison of two
different doses of bupivacaine in caudal anesthesia for
neonatal circumcision. A randomized clinical trial.
Middle East J Anesthesiol 2013; 22: 93-8.
- 10. Akbas M, Titiz TA, Ertugrul F, et al. Comparison of the
effect of ketamine added to bupivacaine and
ropivacaine, on stress hormone levels and the duration
of caudal analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:
1520-6.
- 11. Chertin B, Zeldin A, Kocherov S, et al. Use of Caudal
Analgesia Supplemented with Low Dose of Morphine in
Children Who Undergo Renal Surgery Curr Urol 2015;
9: 132–7.
- 12. Locatelli B, Ingelmo P, Sonzogni V, et al. Randomized,
double-blind, phase III, controlled trial comparing
levobupivacaine 0.25%, ropivacaine 0.25% and
bupivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children.
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005; 94: 366–71.
- 13. Haliloglu AH, Gokce MI, Tangal S, et al. Comparison of
Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Penile Block, Caudal
Block and Intravenous Paracetamol for Circumcision : A
prospective Randomized Study. Int Braz J Urol 2013;
39: 551-7.
- 14. Beyaz SG. Comparison of postoperative analgesic
efficacy of caudal block versus dorsal penile nerve
block with levobupivacaine for circumcision in
children. The Korean Journal of Pain. 2011; 24: 31-5.
- 15. Konar N, Salunke B, Pathak K, et al. Original Research
Paper Anaesthesiology A comparison of Dorsal penile
nerve block vs. Caudal block for circumcision in
children in a rural setup. Global Journal For Research
Analysis 2017; 6: 47-9.
- 16. Azerfarin R, Amiri M, Seyedhejazi M, et al. Comparing
caudal and penile nerve blockade using bupivacaine in
hypospadias repair surgeries in children. Afr J Paediatr
Surg 2011; 8: 294-7.
- 17. Ashrey E, Bosat B. Single-injection penile block
versus caudal block in penile pediatric surgery. AinShams Journal of Anesthesiology 2014; 07: 428–33.
- 18. Patel S, Shah S, Parmar H. Comparison of
postoperative analgesic efficacy of caudal block versus
dorsal penile nerve block with bupivacaine for
circumcision in children. Int J Med Sci Public Heal 2015;
4: 233-6.
- 19. Güclü ÇY, Meco BC , Yilmaz AA. Comparison between
penile block and caudal block with ropivacaine in
children undergoing circumcision. Journal of
Anesthesia - JARSS 2014; 22: 153-8.