Eksozomlar ve Kanserdeki Rolleri

ÖzEksozomlar, vücutta bulunan hücrelerin neredeyse tamamı tarafından salgılanan, 40-100 nanometre (nm) çapında ve çift fosfolipid tabaka ile çevrili ekstrasellüler veziküllerdir. İçlerinde proteinler, lipitler, çok çeşitli RNA molekülleri ve DNA fragmenleri gibi birçok biyomolekül taşırlar. Bu biyomoleküller vasıtasıyla, alıcı hücrelerde gen ifadelerini düzenleyerek, immün regülasyon, hücre farklılaşması, hücreler arası haberleşme, hücre göçü gibi birçok biyolojik fonksiyonda rol alırlar. Tümör kökenli eksozomlar ise içlerinde taşıdıkları biyomoleküller vasıtasıyla kanserin gelişimi ve yayılımına yardım etmek için lokal ve sistemik çevreyi düzenlerler. Eksozom içeriklerinin kanserin tanısında ve hastalık seyrinin izlenmesinde biyobelirteç olarak kullanım potansiyellerini araştıran çalışmalar hızla artmaktadır. Ayrıca son yıllarda kanser tedavisinde eksozomların hedeflendiği ya da kullanıldığı yaklaşımlar da bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı eksozomların yapısının, kanser gelişimindeki ve metastazdaki rollerinin ve kanser tedavisindeki kullanım potansiyellerinin ortaya konmasıdır.

Exosomes and their role in cancer

Exosomes are lipid bilayer extrasellularvesicules between 40-100 nm in diameter and secreted by nearly all of the cells in the body. They carry many biomolecules inside them such as proteins, lipids, various types of RNA molecules and DNA fragments. They take part in many biological functions including immune regulation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, cell migration by regulating gene expressions in recipient cells by means of these biomolecules. Tumor derived exosomes regulate local and systemic environment to promote cancer development and invasion by means of biomolecules they carry. Studies investigating the potential use of exosome contents as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis have been increasing rapidly. In recent years, there are also several approaches targeting exosomes or using them in cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to present exosomes structure, their roles in cancer development and metastasis and their potential use in cancer treatment

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