Özkan MİLOĞLU, Ahmet Berhan YILMAZ, Mustafa Taha GÜLLER, Betül SUBAŞI AKSAKAL

PSİKOTROP İLAÇLARIN BRUKSİZM ETİYOLOJİSİ VE TEDAVİSİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: GÜNCEL BİLGİLER IŞIĞINDA BRUKSİZME GENEL BAKIŞ

Diş gıcırdatması olarak da bilinen bruksizm, insanların yaşam kalitesini belirli oranlarda etkileyen, olağan dışı aktivite olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Gün içerisinde ve/veya uyku sırasında ortaya çıkan bruksizmin multifaktöriyel etiyolojisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bruksizmin etiyolojisine yönelik birçok çalışma vardır ancak bu çalışmalarda belli konulara tam bir açıklık getirilememiştir. Tedavide çeşitli yöntemler uygulanır ama bruksizmin efektif tedavisinin uygulanabilmesi için asıl etkenin bulunulması gerekmektedir. Bruksizm tedavisinde kullanılan psikotrop ilaçlar olduğu gibi bruksizmi başlatan veya var olan bruksizmi indükleyen psikotrop ilaçlar da bulunmaktadır. Bu ilaçların farklı dozlarda ve sürelerde etkileri değişmektedir. Bu derlemede bruksizm etiyolojisini ve psikotrop ilaçların bruksizmi başlatma, indükleme ve tedavi etme üzerindeki etkilerini araştırdık. Böylece bruksizmi değerlendirirken veya tedavi ederken kullanılan ilaçların etkisini vurgulamaya çalıştık. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bruksizm, etiyoloji, tedavi, psikotrop ilaçlar The effect of psychotrop drugs in bruxism ethiology and treatment: An overview of bruxism in the light of information Abstract Bruxism, also known as teeth grinding, is an unusual activity that affects people's quality of life to a certain extent. Bruxism that occurs during the day and / or during sleep is thought to have a multifactorial etiology. There are many studies on the etiology of bruxism, but certain issues have not been fully clarified in these studies. Various methods are used in the treatment, but the main factor must be found in order to apply effective treatment of bruxism. As well as psychotropic drugs used in the treatment of bruxism, there are also psychotropic drugs that initiate bruxism or induce bruxism. The effects of these drugs at different doses and durations vary. In this review, we investigated the etiology of bruxism and the effects of psychotropic drugs on initiation, induction and treatment of bruxism. Thus, we tried to emphasize the effect of drugs used in evaluating or treating bruxism. Keywords: Bruxism, etiology, treatment, psychotrop drugs

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bruksizm, etiyoloji, tedavi, psikotrop ilaçlar

PSİKOTROP İLAÇLARIN BRUKSİZM ETİYOLOJİSİ VE TEDAVİSİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: GÜNCEL BİLGİLER IŞIĞINDA BRUKSİZME GENEL BAKIŞ

Keywords:

Bruksizm, etiyoloji, tedavi, psikotrop ilaçlar,

PDF

___

1. Patır Munevveroglu A, Didinen S. Çocuklarda tüm yönleriyle bruksizm. Atatürk Üni Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2016;16:114-119.
2. Strausz T, Ahlberg J, Lobbezoo F, et al. Awareness of tooth grinding and clenching from adolescence to young adulthood: a nine-year follow-up. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(7):497-500.
3. Kuloğlu M, Ekinci O, editors. Psikiyatride bruksizm yeni symposium; 2009;47(4):218-224.
4. Mısırlıoglu M, Adışen MZ. Bruksizmin tanısı, tedavisi ve görüntülenmesi üzerine yeni görüşler. A.Ü Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2012;39(2):93-102.
5. Diniz MB, Silva RCD, Zuanon ACC. Bruksizmismo na infância: um sinal de alerta para odontopediatras e pediatras. Revista Paulista de Pediatria. 2009;27(3):329-334.
6. Bader G, lavigne G. Sleep bruksizmism; an overview of an oromandibular sleep movement disorder. Review article. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4(1):27-43.
7. Shinkai R, Santos l, Silva F, Dos Santos M, editors. Prevalence of nocturnal bruksizmism in 2-11-year-old children. Rev Odontol. 1998;12(1):29-37.
8. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruksizmism: report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45:837-844.
9. Byrd K, Romito L, Dzemidzic M, Wong D, Talavage T. FMRI study of brain activity elicited by oral parafunctional movements. J Oral Rehabil. 2009;36(5):346-361.
10. Özen NE. Temporomandibuler bozuklukların psikiyatrik yönü ve bruksizm. Klin Psikiyatri Derg. 2007;10(3):148-156.
11. Giraki M, Schneider C, Schafer R, et al. Correlation between stress, stress-coping and current sleep bruksizmism. Head Face Med. 2010;6:2-8.
12. Mercuþ V, Scrieciu M, Popescu SM, Crãiþoiu M, Mãrãºescu P, Marinescu R. Extended case report. Bruksizmism with a history of early onset in a 25-year-old male. 2011.
13. Manfredini D, Serra-Negra J, Carboncini F, Lobbezoo F. Current concepts of bruksizmism. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(5):437-438.
14. Castrillon Ee, Exposto FG. Sleep bruksizmism and pain. Dent Clin North Am. 2018;62(4):657-663.
15. Meira ECM, Ettlin D. Bruksizmism-what is missing in the new consensus definition? J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(12):921.
16. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, et al. Bruksizmism defined and graded: an international consensus. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(1):2-4.
17. Fujisawa M, Kanemura K, Tanabe N, et al. Determination of daytime clenching events in subjects with and without self-reported clenching. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(10):731-736.
18. Kato S, Ekuni D, Kawakami S, Mude AH, Morita M, Minagi S. Relationship between severity of periodontitis and masseter muscle activity during waking and sleeping hours. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;90:13-8.
19. Lavigne G, kato T. Usual and unusual orofacial motor activities associated with tooth wear. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(80-2):9-90.
20. Winocur E, Gavish A, Voikovitch M, Emodi-Perlman A, Eli I. Drugs and bruksizmism: a critical review. J Orofac Pain. 2003;17(2):99-111.
21. Martynowicz H, Gac P, Brzecka A, et al. The relationship between sleep bruksizmism and obstructive sleep apnea based on polysomnographic findings. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1653.
22. Thorpy MJ. Classification of sleep disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2012;9(4):687–701.
23. Wills L, Garcia J. Parasomnias: epidemiology and management. Cns Drugs. 2002;16(12):803-810.
24. Rugh JD, Harlan J. Nocturnal bruksizmism and temporomandibular disorders. Adv Neurol.1988;49:329-341.
25. Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, Yamaguchi T, Raphael K. Bruksizmism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(7):476-494.
26. Kato T, Rompre P, Montplaisir JY, Sessle BJ, Lavigne GJ. Sleep bruksizmism: an oromotor activity secondary to micro-arousal. J Dent Res. 2001;80(10):1940-1944.
27. Klasser Gd, Rei N, Lavigne GJ. Sleep bruksizmism etiology: the evolution of a changing paradigm. J Can Dent Assoc. 2015;81:f2.
28. Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Bruksizmism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally. J Oral Rehabil 2001;28(12):1085-1091.
29. Donnarumma V, Cioffi I, Michelotti A, Cimino R, Vollaro S, Amato M. Analysis of the reliability of the ıtalian version of the oral behaviours checklist and the relationship between oral behaviours and trait anxiety in healthy individuals. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(4):317-322.
30. Castroflorio T, Bargellini A, Rossini G, Cugliari G, Deregibus A. Sleep bruksizmism and related risk factors in adults: a systematic literature review. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;83:25-32.
31. Goettems ML, Poletto-Neto V, Shqair AQ, Pinheiro RT, Demarco FF. Influence of maternal psychological traits on sleep bruksizmism in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017;27(6):469-475.
32. Itani O, Kaneita Y, Ikeda M, et al. Disorders of arousal and sleep-related bruksizmism among japanese adolescents: a nationwide representative survey. Sleep Med. 2013;14(6):532-541.
33. Ohayon MM, Li KK, Guilleminault C. Risk factors for sleep bruksizmism in the general population. Chest. 2001;119(1):53-61.
34. Guo H, Wang T, Niu X, et al. The risk factors related to bruksizmism in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;86:18-34.
35. Camparis CM, Siqueira JT. Sleep bruksizmism: clinical aspects and characteristics in patients with and without chronic orofacial pain. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(2):188-193.
36. Huynh N, Kato T, Rompre PH, et al. Sleep bruksizmism is associated to micro-arousals and an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity. J Sleep Res. 2006;15(3):339-346.
37. Kato T, Thie NM, Montplaisir JY, Lavigne GJ. Bruksizmism and orofacial movements during sleep. Dent Clin North Am. 2001;45(4):657-684.
38. Pierce CJ, Chrisman K, Bennett ME, Close JM. Stress, anticipatory stress, and psychologic measures related to sleep bruksizmism. J Orofac Pain. 1995;9(1):51-56.
39. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Castroflorio T, Poggio CE, Guarda-Nardini L, Lobbezoo F. Diagnostic accuracy of portable instrumental devices to measure sleep bruksizmism: a systematic literature review of polysomnographic studies. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41(11):836-842.
40. Clark GT, Ram S. Four oral motor disorders: bruksizmism, dystonia, dyskinesia and drug-induced dystonic extrapyramidal reactions. Dent Clin North Am. 2007;51(1):225-243.
41. Fratto G, Manzon L. Use of psychotropic drugs and associated dental diseases. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2014;48(3):185-197.
42. Marconcini S, Giammarinaro E, Cosola S, et al. Bruksizmism and cardio vascular diseases: a cross-sectional study. J Cardio Therapy. 2018;5(1):734-737.
43. Garrett AR, Hawley JS. SSRI-associated bruksizmism: a systematic review of published case reports. Neurol Clin Pract. 2018;8(2):135-141.
44. Lobbezoo F, Van Denderen RJ, Verheij JG, Naeije M. Reports of ssrı-associated bruksizmism in the family physician’s office. J Orofac Pain. 2001;15(4):340-346.
45. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia. 2000.
46. Anderson IM, Tomenson BM. Treatment discontinuation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis. BMJ. 1995;310(6992):1433-1438.
47. Falisi G, Rastelli C, Panti F, Maglione H, Quezada Arcega R. Psychotropic drugs and bruksizmism. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(10):1319-1326.
48. Ellison JM, Stanziani P. SSRI-associated nocturnal bruksizmism in four patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993;54(11):432-434.
49. Zandifar A, Mohammadi MR, Badrfam R. Low-dose quetiapine in the treatment of ssrı-ınduced bruksizmism and mandibular dystonia: case series. Iran J Psychiatry. 2018;13(3):227-229.
50. Uvais NA, Sreeraj VS, Sathish Kumar SV. Sertraline induced mandibular dystonia and bruksizmism. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(4):882-884.
51. Raveendranathan D, Rao SG. Sertraline induced acute mandibular dystonia. J Neuroscirural Pract. 2015;6(4):586-587.
52. Wise M. Citalopram-induced bruksizmism. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;178:182.
53. Drapier D, Bentue-Ferrer D, Laviolle B, et al. Effects of acute fluoxetine, paroxetine and desipramine on rats tested on the elevated plus-maze. Behav Brain Res. 2007;176(2):202-209.
54. Hu XH, Bull SA, Hunkeler EM, et al. Incidence and duration of side effects and those rated as bothersome with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for depression: patient report versus physician estimate. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(7):959-965.
55. Milanlioglu A. Paroxetine-induced severe sleep bruksizmism successfully treated with buspirone. Clinics (sao paulo). 2012;67(2):191-192.
56. Kishi Y. Paroxetine-induced bruksizmism effectively treated with tandospirone. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2007;19(1):90-91.
57. Brambilla P, Cipriani A, Hotopf M, Barbui C. Side-effect profile of fluoxetine in comparison with other SSRIS, tricyclic and newer antidepressants: a meta-analysis of clinical trial data. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2005;38(2):69-77.
58. Fitzgerald K, Healy D. Dystonias and dyskinesias of the jaw associated with the use of ssrıs. Human psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental.1995;10(3):215-219.
59. Sabuncuoglu O, Ekinci O, Berkem M. Fluoxetine-induced sleep bruksizmism in an adolescent treated with buspirone: a case report. Spec Care Dentist. 2009;29(5):215-217.
60. Soyata AZ, Oflaz S. Gabapentin treatment in bruksizmism associated with fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;35(4):481-483.
61. Isa Kara M, Ertas ET, Ozen E, et al. Bitestrip analysis of the effect of fluoxetine and paroxetine on sleep bruksizmism. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;80:69-74.
62. Rajan R, Sun YM. Reevaluating antidepressant selection in patients with bruksizmism and temporomandibular joint disorder. J Psychiatr Pract. 2017;23(3):173-179.
63. Miyaoka T, Yasukawa R, Mihara T, et al. Successful electroconvulsive therapy in major depression with fluvoxamine-induced bruksizmism. J Ect. 2003;19(3):170-172.
64. Kuloglu M, Ekinci O, Caykoylu A. Venlafaxine-associated nocturnal bruksizmism in a depressive patient successfully treated with buspirone. J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24(4):627-628.
65. Montgomery SA. Tolerability of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. Cns Spectr. 2008;13(7-11):27-33.
66. Chang JP, Wu CC, Su KP. A case of venlafaxine-induced bruksizmism alleviated by duloxetine substitution. Prog neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011;35(1):307.
67. Ranjan S, P SC, Prabhu S. Antidepressant-induced bruksizmism: need for buspirone? Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006;9(4):485-487.
68. Sahin Onat S, Malas FU. Duloxetine-induced sleep bruksizmism in fibromyalgia successfully treated with amitriptyline. Acta Reumatol Port. 2015;40(4):391-392.
69. Michelson D, Allen AJ, Busner J, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(11):1896-901.
70. Garnock-jones KP, keating GM. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatr Drugs. 2009;11(3):203-226.
71. Mendhekar d, lohia d. Worsening of bruksizmism with atomoxetine: a case report. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2009;10(4 pt 2):671-672.
72. Yuce M, Karabekiroglu K, say GN, Mujdeci M, Oran M. Buspirone use in the treatment of atomoxetine-induced bruksizmism. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2013;23(9):634-635.
73. Bahali K, Yalcin O, Avci A. Atomoxetine-induced wake-time teeth clenching and sleep bruksizmism in a child patient. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;23(12):1233-1235.
74. Bilac O, Percinel I, Kavurma C. Atomoxetine-related bruksizmism in a 7-year-old boy: a case report. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020;62(1):104-105.
75. Detweiler MB, Harpold GJ. Bupropion-induced acute dystonia. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36(2):251-254.
76. Qin B, Zhang Y, Zhou X, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic antidepressants in young patients: a meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability. Clin Ther. 2014;36(7):1087-1095.
77. Raigrodski AJ, Mohamed SE, Gardiner DM. The effect of amitriptyline on pain intensity and perception of stress in bruksizmers. J Prosthodont. 2001;10(2):73-77.
78. Ware JC, Rugh JD. Destructive bruksizmism: sleep stage relationship. Sleep 1988;11(2):172-181.
79. Mohamed SE, Christensen LV, Penchas J. A randomized double-blind clinical trial of the effect of amitriptyline on nocturnal masseteric motor activity (sleep bruksizmism). Cranio. 1997;15(4):326-332.
80. Raigrodski AJ, Christensen LV, Mohamed SE, Gardiner DM. The effect of four-week administration of amitriptyline on sleep bruksizmism. A double-blind crossover clinical study. Cranio. 2001;19(1):21-25.
81. Vandenberg CM. Maoıs and transdermal delivery. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(9):e28.
82. Baker GB, Coutts RT, Mckenna KF, Sherry-Mckenna RL. Insights into the mechanisms of action of the mao inhibitors phenelzine and tranylcypromine: a review. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1992;17(5):206-214.
83. Serra-Negra JM, Lobbezoo F, Martins CC, Stellini E, Manfredini D. Prevalence of sleep bruksizmism and awake bruksizmism in different chronotype profiles: hypothesis of an association. Med Hypotheses. 2017;101:55-8.
84. Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruksizmism. J Orofac Pain 2009;23(2):153-166.
85. Manfredini D, Arreghini A, Lombardo L, et al. Assessment of anxiety and coping features in bruksizmers: a portable electromyographic and electrocardiographic study. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2016;30(3):249-254.
86. Mostafavi SN, Jafari A, Hoseini SG, Khademian M, Kelishadi R. The efficacy of low and moderate dosage of diazepam on sleep bruksizmism in children: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2019;24:28.
87. Saletu A, Parapatics S, Saletu B, et al. On the pharmacotherapy of sleep bruksizmism: placebo-controlled polysomnographic and psychometric studies with clonazepam. Neuropsychobiology. 2005;51(4):214-225.
88. Saletu A, Parapatics S, Anderer P, Matejka M, Saletu B. Controlled clinical, polysomnographic and psychometric studies on differences between sleep bruksizmers and controls and acute effects of clonazepam as compared with placebo. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neuro Sci. 2010;260(2):163-174.
89. Sakai T, Kato T, Yoshizawa S, et al. Effect of clonazepam and clonidine on primary sleep bruksizmism: a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. J Sleep Res. 2017;26(1):73-83.
90. Montgomery M. Effect of diazepam on nocturnal masticatory muscle activity. J Dent Res. 1986;65:96.
91. Johar SQ. A case of sleep bruksizmism treated through behavioural change using hypnosis. Med J Dr Dy Patil Uni. 2012;5(2):154.
92. Romanelli F, Adler DA, Bungay KM. Possible paroxetine-induced bruksizmism. Ann Pharmacother.1996;30(11):1246-1248.
93. Bostwick JM, Jaffee MS. Buspirone as an antidote to ssrı-induced bruksizmism in 4 cases. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(12):857-860.
94. Jaffee MS, Bostwick JM. Buspirone as an antidote to venlafaxine-induced bruksizmism. Psychosomatics. 2000;41(6):535-536.
95. Pavlovic ZM. Buspirone to improve compliance in venlafaxine-induced movement disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004;7(4):523-524.