ADLİ DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR

Adli diş hekimliği gelişmeye çok açık olan bir diş hekimliği dalıdır. Dişler ve dişsel özelliklerin eşsiz olması ve her türlü şartta uzun süre bozulmadan kalabilmesi adli diş hekimliğinin önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu alanın en önemli çalışmalarından biri, kimliklendirmedir. Dişlerden ve çene kemiğinden edinilen bilgilerle kişinin ırkı, cinsiyeti, yaşı tespit edilebilir. Kimlik tespitinde diş kayıtlarının önceden tutulmuş ve saklanmış olmasının büyük önemi vardır. Ayrıca, ağız ve dişlerin incelenmesiyle ısırık izi analizi, dudak-damak izi analizi ve travma hasarlarının tespiti gibi konular da çözümlenebilmektedir. Isırık izleri parmak izleri gibi benzersizdir ve kimliklendirmede başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Kimliklendirme ölü veya canlı kişinin muayenesi ile yapılabildiği gibi insan vücuduna ait bir parçanın, bir dokunun, iz ve belirtilerin incelenmesiyle de yapılabilir. Dişler dış etkenlere karşı dayanıklıdırlar ve çene kemiği içinde korunmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle dentin ve pulpada korunan hücrelerden uzun yıllar sonra bile DNA elde edilmektedir. Özellikle kimliği belli olmayan kişilerde dişsel özellikler, yapılmış olan tedavi ve protezler kişinin kimliğinin belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynar. Tanınmayacak şekilde yanmış, parçalanmış veya ölüm sonrası değişikliklere maruz kalmış cesetlerin kimlik tespitinde dişler birinci derecede öneme sahiptir. Kişinin ırkını, cinsiyetini ve yaşını belirlemek için çeşitli metotlar geliştirilmiştir. Yaş belirlemede gençlerde radyolojik teknikler, daha ileri yaşlarda ise morfolojik, histolojik ve kimyasal teknikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu teknikler her yıl ilerlemekte ve yenileri eklenmektedir. Diş hekimliği fakültelerinde adli diş hekimliği dersi verilmediği için bu formasyon eksiktir. Ancak her diş hekiminin mesleğiyle ilgili konuları bilme ve gelişmeleri takip etme sorumluluğu vardır. Bu makale adli diş hekimliğinde kullanılan ve bilinen metotlar üzerinde geliştirilen yenilikler ve en son fikirler üzerine bir değerlendirme sağlamaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Adli diş hekimliği, Dental kimliklendirme, Dental görüntüleme, Isırık izleri LATEST APPROACHES IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY Abstract: Forensic odontology is a dentistry branch which is highly open to development. The fact that teeth and dental features are unique and that these properties can be retained for long periods without deterioration under any circumstances, enhances the importance of forensic dentistry studies. One of the most important works of this field is, identification. The race, sex and age of a person can be determined by the information obtained from the teeth and jaw bone. Pre-recorded and stored dental records have a great importance in identification. In addition, by the examination of the mouth and teeth, some issues such as bite mark analysis, lip-palate analysis and trauma damage detection, can be solved. Bite marks are unique as fingerprints and are used successfully in identification. Identification can be done by examination of a dead or living person, as well as by examining a part of a human body, a tissue and some traces. The teeth are resistant to external factors and are protected in the jaw bone. For this reason, DNA is still obtained after many years from the protected dentine and pulp cells. Especially in the identification of unknown persons, the dental properties, the treatments and protheses play a very important role in determining the identity of that person. The teeth are of primary importance in the identification of unrecognized bodies that have been burned, fragmented or exposed to post-mortem changes. Various methods have been developed to determine the race, sex and age of the individual. In the determination of age, radiological techniques are used in young people and morphological, histological and chemical techniques are used in older ages. These techniques are progressing every year and new ones are added. Forensic dentistry lectures is not given in dentistry faculties and so this formation is incomplete. However, each dentist has the responsibility to know the issues related to the profession and to follow the developments. This article provides an assessment of the latest ideas which have been developed on known methods used in forensic dentistry. Key words: Forensic dentistry, Dental identification, Dental imaging, Bite marks

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Adli diş hekimliği, Dental kimliklendirme, Dental görüntüleme

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