Cezaevi Popülasyonunda Dünya Örnekleriyle Ruh Sağlığı Uygulamaları ve Yol Haritası

Cezaevi popülasyonunda ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin ve uygulamalarının önemi her geçen gün daha fazla artmaktadır. Gerek mahkûmların sağlık sorunlarının tespiti gerek cezaevlerinin huzur ve güven ortamının sağlanması gerekse suç işlemiş bireyleri yeniden suçtan uzak tutabilecek rehabilitasyon süreçlerinin devamlılığı açısından cezaevlerinde nitelikli ruh sağlığı hizmetine ulaşımın kolaylaşması gerekir. Cezaevlerinin kendine özgü koşul ve dinamiklerinden kaynaklanan birtakım güçlükler cezaevi popülasyonuna ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini ulaştırma açısından çeşitli sorunlar yaratabilir. Bununla birlikte dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı uygulamalarını başarıyla yürüten örnekler de mevcuttur. Uygar bir toplum düzeninin gereği olarak cezaevi ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik insan hakları temelli ve bilimsel yöntemi esas alan kapsamlı politikalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu politikaların oluşturulmasında konunun paydaşlarının görüşlerini içeren ve dünyadaki farklı uygulamaları harmanlayan bütünlüklü bir anlayış esas alınmalıdır. Ruh sağlığı hizmetlerine yönelik yürütücü organizasyon şemasıyla başlayan ve mahkûmla gerçekleştirilen ilk görüşmeden cezaevi sonrası müdahalelere kadar her basamağı ayrıntılı şekilde planlanmış bir politikanın cezaevlerinde yaşanan ruh sağlığı temelli sorunları en aza indireceği öngörülebilir. Ayrıca ruhsal bozuklukların türüne göre farklılaşan tanı ve tedavi süreçlerinin mahkûmlara sağlanabilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte kadın, çocuk ve yaşlı mahkûmlar, cinsel ya da yineleyici suç işleyenler ve toplumsal cinsiyete uymayan bireyler gibi özel gereksinimi olan grupların da kendilerine özgü ruhsal ihtiyaçlarının iyi bilinmesi ve bu ihtiyaçların olabildiğince karşılanması gerekir. Bütün bu hizmetleri uygulayacak nitelikli personelin eğitimi de cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin niteliğinin artması açısından kilit noktalardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu yazıda da cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini geliştirmeye odaklanan bir yol haritasının sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

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