Bir Gıda Koruma Yöntemi: Işınlama

Son yıllarda insanoğlunun güvenilir gıdaya olan ihtiyacı, hiç olmadığı kadar artmıştır. Hızla artan nüfus, çevre kirliliği ve iklim değişikliği, zirai denetim uygulamaları ve hayvansal üretim maliyetleri dünyada gıda elde etmeyi dahası mevcut gıdaları güvenilir tutabilmeyi zorlaştırmıştır. Gıdaların uzun süreli güvenilir ve sağlıklı kalabilmesi için birçok gıda koruma yöntemi uygulanmışsa da ancak radyasyonun keşfinden sonra bu alanda hızlı bir ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Farklı gıdalarda radyasyonla (ışınlama) hijyen ve muhafaza uygulamaları denenerek aynı zamanda gıdaların besin değerleri de takip edilmiştir. Daha önemlisi, farklı gıdaların korunması için uygulanması gereken ışınlama miktarları titizlikle belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ışınlamaya bağlı gıdaların besin değerlerindeki kayıplar ve gıda zehirlenmeleri ile ışınlama uygulamalarının maliyetleri üzerine uzun süreli araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Gıda endüstrisinde lokomotif bir sektör olan ışınlanma uygulamaları ekonomik katkıları hariç gıda hijyeni ve sağlığı açısından en güvenilir yöntem olması ile tüm dünyada en çok başvurulan yöntemdir. Bu derlemede, gıda koruma yöntemleri içinde önemli bir rolü olan “Işınlama” uygulamasının, mikroorganizmalara, gıda bileşenlerine ve ambalajlama materyallerine etkisi, teknolojik gelişimiyle birlikte gıda güvenliği ve tüketici bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Besin, radyasyon, gıda hijyeni, gıda sağlığı

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