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• Appendix – Sample items within each factor of the scale* E-learning
• Instructors offer their courses embedded with e-learning contexts.
• Instructors encourage us to use online learning environments.
• Instructors consider the activities in online learning environments during evaluation. Infrastructure
• Computers are fast enough to be used for instructional activities.
• There is sufficient number of computers for students in laboratories.
• Teaching-learning methods
• Instructors select and implement technologies appropriate for our needs.
• Instructors try to use instructional technologies sustaining higher level of interest.
• Instructors create contexts where we can use technology for communication and problem solving. Policy
• The administration applies to our opinions about new implementations.
• The administration guides us in following the technological innovations.
• We are allowed to participate in decision making processes regarding innovations. Special Education
• There are materials appropriate for students with special needs.
• The physical conditions of the classrooms are appropriate for students with special needs. Health
• Tables and chairs are appropriate for comfortable use of computers.
• Technology classrooms and laboratories are regularly ventilated.
• Physical conditions like class setting, temperature, lighting, and seating arrangement are appropriate for instruction.
• Learning communities
• Instructors give importance to regular professional development.
• Instructors make use of samples helping us to know different cultures.
• Instructors encourage us to conduct multilateral projects with different universities. Ease of use
• There are warnings and explanations in technology classrooms which help me use the devices easily.
• I can easily access information regarding how to use technology classrooms and laboratories. E-interaction
• Instructors generate online discussion groups about our field.
• Instructors encourage us to participate in online discussion groups.
• Instructors participate in discussions in our forums.
• Technical assistance
• There are sufficient numbers of staff to assist us when we have problems in technology classrooms.
• Whenever I have a problem in laboratories, fast and effective technical support is provided. Access
• Technology classrooms and laboratories are available whenever I need.
• I can find devices like scanner, printer and video camera whenever I want.
• * 28 of 61 items are provided to inform the readers about the nature of the scale. The complete
• version of the original scale was presented in Akbulut (2009).
• Correspondence: Yavuz Akbulut, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Education and
• Instructional Technologies, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.