Reyhaneh SEYYED-NAZARİ, Mortaza GHADİMZADEH, Reza DARVİSHZADEH, Seyyed Reza ALAVİ

Şark Tipi Tütün (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) Genotiplerinde Mısır Canavar Otu (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) Bitkisince Saldırıya Uğramış Köklerin Kıyaslanması ve Diallel Analizleri

Mısırlı canavar otu (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) bitkisi, parazit bitkiler içerisinde en tehlikeli türlerden olup, tütün (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) gibi birçok bitkiyi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. İran‟da, şark tipi tütünlerde bu parazit bitkiye dayanıklı olanlarını bulmak, ıslah çalışmalarında en önemli misyonlardan birisidir.Bu araştırma, bu hedefe ulaşabilmek için Urumiye Tütün Araştırma Merkezi‟nde kurulmuştur. Denemede, diallel analizleri kullanılarak, dayanıklı genotiplerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Deneme, 15 tane melez ve 6 tane ebeveyni kıyaslamak amacıyla, iki ayrı araştırmada tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak planlanmıştır. Değerlendirilen karakterlerdeki (tütünde yaş ve kuru kök ağırlığı, parazit bitkide yaş ve kuru ağırlık ve bitki sayıları) varyans analizlerine göre, özel kombinasyon yeteneği açısından tütünlerde kuru kök ağırlığı, parazit bitkilerde yaş ve kuru ağırlık ve bitki sayılarındaki farklılıklar anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, eklemeli olmayan etki gösteren genlerin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Genel kombinasyon yeteneği önemli etkiye sahip olmadığından, ebeveynler arasında iyi ve zayıf genel kombinasyon yeteneği bulunamamıştır. Bazı hibritlerde özel kombinasyon yeteneği önemli bulunmuş ve bu nedenle şark tipi tütünlerin ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılabilecekleri tavsiyesi yapılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Diallel, Gen etkileri, GCA, SCA, Şark Tipi Tütünler, Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers

Invader Shoots with Invaded Roots on Diallel Analysis of Oriental Tobacco Genotypes under Egyptian Broomrape Stress

Egyptian broomrape (EBR) (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. is one of the most dangerous parasitic plants for a broad spectrum of hosts including tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.). Finding genotypes resistant to EBR in Oriental tobacco, one of the main types of tobacco is of great importance and is one of the breeding aims in fighting against this parasite in Iran. In this strategic direction, a research work using diallel analysis was conducted to identify resistant Oriental tobacco genotypes against EBR at Urmia Tobacco Research Centre, Iran in 2012. Fifteen F1 progenies along with their six parents were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications in two separate experiments. Analysis of variance of investigated traits [fresh weight of root (FWR) and dry weight of root (DWR) for host plants, and fresh weight of broomrape shoot (FWBS), dry weight of broomrape shoot (DWBS) and number of broomrape shoots (NBS) for parasite plants] using diallel analysis showed significant mean squares of specific combining ability (SCA) for DWR, DWBS and NBS indicating the importance of non-additive genetic effects for these traits. Good and poor general combiners were not determined among parents for investigated traits due to non-significance of general combining ability (GCA). A set of hybrids appeared to be significant SCA, which could be used in Oriental tobacco improvement

Keywords:

Diallel, Gene effects, GCA, SCA, Oriental tobacco, Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers,

PDF

___

Aalders, A.J.G., Pieters, R., 1987. Resistance in Vicia faba to Orobanche crenata: true resistance versus hidden susceptibility. Euphytica. 36: 227–236.
Abbes, Z., Kharrat, M., Djebali, W., Haibi, C., 2011. Interaction between Broomrapes and their hosts. J. Phytol. 3 (1): 68–72.
Bayat, M., Darvishzadeh, R., Soleimani, F., Alavi, S.R., 2014. Sequentialz path analysis for determining interrelationships between yield and related traits in tobacc(Nicotiana tabacum L.) under normal and abiotic stress conditions. Genetika. 46 (3): 815–829.
Baker, R.J., 1978. Issues in diallel analysis. Crop Sci. 18: 533–536.
Buschmann, H., Gonsior, G., Sauerborn, J., 2005. Pathogenicity of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) populations on tobacco cultivars. Plant Pathol. 54: 650–656.
Darvishzadeh, R., Alavi, R., Sarrafi, A., 2010. Resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.) in oriental and semi–oriental tobacco germplasm under field conditions. J. Crop Improv. 24: 122–130.
Darvishzadeh, R., Hatami Maleki, H., 2011. Analysis of genetic variation for morphological and agronomic traits in Iranian oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes. Crop Breed. J. 2 (1): 57–61.
Davis, L., Nielsen, M., 1999. Tobacco: Production, chemistry and technology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.
Ditomaso, J.M., Kyser, G.B., Miller, J.R., Garcia, S., Smith, R.F., Nader, G., Connor, J.M., Orloff, S.B., 2006. Integrating prescribed burning and clopyralid for the management of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), Weed Sci. 54: 757–767.
Dorr, I., Kollmann, R., 1974. Structural features of parasitism of Orobanche. I. Growth of the haustorial cells within the host tissue. Protoplasma. 80: 245–249.
Fernandez–Aparicio, M., Rubiales, D., 2010. Characterisation of resistance to crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) in Lathyrus cicera L. Euphytica. 133: 77–84.
Ghannam, I., Al–Masri, M., Barakat, R., 2012. The Effect of Herbicides on the Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in Tomato Fields. American J. Plant Sci.3: 346–352.
Gil, J., Martı´n, L.M., Cubero, J.I., 1987. Genetics of resistance in V. sativa to O. crenata Forsk. Plant Breed. 99: 134–143.
Goodspeed, T.H., 1954. The genus Nicotiana. Waltham, Mass., USA: Chronica Botanica.
Griffing, B., 1956a. A generalized treatment of the use of diallel crosses in quantitative inheritance. Heredity 10: 31–51.
Griffing, B., 1956b. Concepts of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9: 463–493.
Hasannejad, S., Zad, S.J., Alizadeh, H.M., Rahymian, H., 2006. The effects of Fusarium oxysporum on broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) seed germination. Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci. 71: 1295–1299.
Hayman, B.I., 1954a. The analysis of variance of diallel tables. Biometrics. 10: 235–244.
Hayman, B.I. 1954b. The theory and analysis of diallel crosses. Genetics. 39: 789–809.
Heidari, A., Darvishzadeh, R., Fayyaz Moghaddam, A., Rastgou, M., Hatami Maleki, H., 2013. Investigation on the response of oriental and semi oriental tobacco genotypeto Potato Virus Y under controlled conditions. Iranian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 2 (1): 30–38.
Jinks, J.L., 1954. The analysis of continuous variation in diallel crosses in Nicotiana rustica L., varieties. Genetics. 39: 367–788.
Jinks, J.L., Hayman, B.I., 1953. The analysis of diallel crosses. Maize Genet. Coop. News Lett. 27: 48–54.
Lym, R.G., 2005. Integration of biological control agents with other weed management technologies: Successes from the leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) IPM program, Biol. Control. 35: 366–375.
Parker, C., Riches, C.R., 1993. Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Press, M.C., Graves, J.D., 1995. Parasitic Plants. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.
Pérez–de–Luque, A., Moreno, M.T., Rubiales, D., 2008. Host plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp.): defence reactions and mechanisms of resistance. Ann. Appl. Biol. 152: 131–141.
Pérez–de–Luque, A., Fondevilla, S., Pérez–Vich, B., Aly, R., Thoiron, S., Simier, P., Castillejo, M.A., Fernandez, J.M., Jorrin, J., Rubiales, D., Delavault, P., 2009. Understanding broomrape host plant interaction and developing resistance. Weed Res. 49: 8–22.
Ren, N., Timko, M.P., 2001. AFLP analysis of genetic polymorphism and evolutionary relationships among cultivated and wild Nicotiana species. Genome. 44: 559–571.
Rubiales, D., Pérez–De–Luque, A., Fernandez–Aparicio, M., 2006. Screening techniques and sources of resistance against parasitic weeds in grain legumes. Euphytica. 147: 187–199.
Rumsey, J., Jury, S.L., 1991. An account of Orobanche L. Britain and Ireland. Watsonia. 18: 257–295.
Siva Raju, K., Sharma, R.K., Murthy, T.G.K, 2012. Genetic and Evolutionary Relationship among Nicotiana species as elucidated by AFLP. J. Agric. Sci. 7 (3): 135–144.
Soliman, M.M., Abdallah, N.G., Bakheit, M.A., Raslan, M.A., Abd–El–Haleem, S.H.M., 2012. Directional Selection in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Under Infestation of Orobanche crenata. World Appl. Sci. J. 16 (8): 1074–1081.
Tso, T.C., 1999. Seed to smoke In: Davis, L., and M. Nielsen (eds). Tobacco: Production, chemistry and technology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.
Zhang, Y., Kang, M.S., Lamkey, K.R., 2005. Diallel–SAS05: A comprehensive program for GrifŞng‟s and Gardner–Eberhart analyses. Agron. J. 97: 1097–110.
Zhao, L., Chao–Chien, J., 2012. Molecular techniques for sunflower breeding. In: Skoric, D., Seiler, G.J., Zhao, L., Chao–Chien, J., Miller, J.F., Charlet, L.D. Sunflower genetics and breeding. Int. Monography. Serbian Acad. Sci. Arts, Branch in Novi Sad: 520.