Pakistan’da Pamuk Tarlasında Dysdercus koenigii Fab. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)’nin Populasyonu Üzerindeki Cansız Etmenlerin Etkisi

Yapmış olduğumuz çalışmada, tarla koşullarında dört farklı pamuk çeşidi (NIAB–98, FH–1000, MNH–636 ve Sohni) kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Pakistan’ın Faysalabat şehrinde bulunan Tarım ve Biyoloji Nükleer Enstitüsü’nün deneme alanlarında pamuk zararlısı olan Dysdercus koenigii Fab.’nin populasyonu üzerindeki cansız etmenlerin (tarla sıcaklığı ile orantılı nispi nemi) etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Zararlı böcek popülâsyonu ile birlikte tarla sıcaklığı ve nispi nemin dalgalanma oranları haftada bir kez gözlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; zararlı böcek popülâsyonu pamuk tarlasında kırpma sezonu (Temmuz–Ekim 2003) boyunca sürekli olarak görülmüştür. En yüksek zararlı böcek popülâsyonuna %19,23 ile sıcaklığın 31oC ve orantılı nispi nemin %64 olduğu Eylül ayının ilk haftasında rastlanırken, en düşük popülâsyonu ise %4,15 ile 24oC sıcaklıkta ve %59 orantılı nispi neme sahip olan Ekim ayının üçüncü haftasında tespit edilmiştir. Her bir pamuk bitkisinden rastgele üç yaprak örneği alınmış ve yapraklarda bulunan ortalama zararlı popülasyon sayıları ve pamuk çeşitleri ise sırasıyla 18,30±1,05 ile FH–1000, 17,00±0,24 ile NIAB–98, 16,60±2,72 ile Sohni ve 15,00±0,38 ile MNH–636 şeklinde kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; tarla sıcaklığı ve orantılı nispi nem şartlarında D. koenigii Fab.’nin popülâsyona en dayanıklı pamuk çeşidi MNH–636 olurken, bu şartlara en dayanıksız çeşit ise FH–1000 olarak tespit edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dysdercus koenigii, Cansız etmenler, Sıcaklık, Nispi nem, Pamuk

Influence of Abiotic Factors on the Population of Dysdercus koenigii Fab. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) in Cotton Field in Pakistan

Four different genotypes of cotton NIAB–98, FH–1000, MNH–636 and Sohni were tested during this study. The objective of this study was to see the impact of abiotic factors that is field temperature and relative humidity on population dynamics of red cotton bug, Dysdercus koenigii Fab. on different varieties of cotton under unsprayed field conditions of the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad city of Pakistan. Population fluctuation of D. koenigii, fluctuated rates of field temperature and relative humidity were monitored after each interval. The results of the field study revealed that the bug population was found throughout the crop season from July to October 2003. The highest survival percentage of bug (19.23%) was observed during 1stweek of September when the temperature and relative humidity were recorded 31˚C and 64%, respectively. While the lowest population of insect pest (4.15%) has been found during 3rd week of October when the temperature was 24˚C and relative humidity was recorded as 59%. Overall infestation of D. koenigii was 18.30±1.05, 17.00±0.24, 16.60±2.72 and 15.00±0.38 per three leaves on FH–1000, NIAB–98, Sohni and MNH–636 variety of cotton, respectively. Consequently, it was justified that the resistant genotype of cotton against the infestation of D. koenigii in relation to field temperature and relative humidity is MNH–636 while the highly affected is FH–1000

Keywords:

Dysdercus koenigii, Abiotic factors, Temperature, Relative humidity, Cotton,

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