Fatih ŞEN, Bilge TÜRK, Ahmet GÜLEŞ, Rüştü Efe OKŞAR

Hasat Öncesi Farklı Konsantrasyonlarda Gibberellik Asit Uygulamalarının ‘Obilnaja’ Japon Eriği Meyvelerinin Depolanmasına Etkileri

Çalışma, Manisa ilinde 'Obilnaja' Japon eriği çeşidi ile kurulmuş üretici bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Hasat öncesi gibberellik asit (GA3) uygulamalarının erik meyvelerinin depolama süresince kalite değişimleri ve kayıplarına etkileri araştırılmıştır. GA3 uygulamaları erik meyvelerinin renk dönümünde 25 ve 50 ppm konsantrasyonlarında ağaçlara püskürtme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. GA3 uygulanmayanlar kontrol olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sert olumda hasat edilen erik meyveleri modifiye atmosfer (MA) ambalajlarında hava ile ön soğutma işlemi yapıldıktan sonra ağızları kapatılmıştır. Erik meyveleri 0oC ve %90 oransal nemde 60 gün süreyle depolanmış, depolama öncesi, 30 ve 60 günlük depolama sonrası alınan örneklerde fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyokimyasal değişimler ile fizyolojik ve patolojik bozukluklar incelenmiştir. 50 ppm GA3 uygulaması erik meyvelerinin hasat sonrası meyve eti sertliği kontrole göre %17,3 oranında daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ancak GA3 uygulamasının bu etkisi depolama süresinin sonunda kaybolmuştur. GA3 uygulanan erik meyvelerinin depolama sonunda kabuk rengi, suda çözünür kuru madde, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, pH değeri, toplam fenol miktarı ve antioksidan aktivitesi kontrole benzerlik göstermiştir. 'Obilnaja' erik meyvelerinde 60 günlük depolama sonunda, başlangıca göre kabuk L* ve b* değeri, asit miktarı ve meyve eti sertliğinde azalış, kabuk a* ve pH değeri ise artış göstermiştir. Depolama süresince fizyolojik ve patolojik bozukluk saptanmamıştır. Sonuçlar 'Obilnaja' Japon erik meyvelerinin 60 gün süreyle depolanabileceğini göstermiştir

Effects of Pre-harvest Gibberellic Acid Application at Different Concentrations on Storability of ‘Obilnaja’ Japanese Plum

This study was carried out in a ‘Obilnaja’ Japanese plum orchard in Manisa province of Turkey. Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid (GA3) applications on the quality changes of the plum fruits and post-harvest losses were researched. GA3 was applied at version stage as spraying onto the trees at 25 and 50 ppm concentrations. Untreated trees were considered as the control group. The fruits were harvested at firm harvest maturity stage and pre-cooled in modified atmosphere packages and then, packages were closed. Fruits were stored at 0oC and %90 relative humidity for 60 days. Sampling was done as pre-storage and after 30 and 60 days of storage and physiological, chemical and biochemical changes and physiological and pathological losses were monitored. Compared to control, fruit firmness was 17.3% higher in 50 ppm GA3 applied fruits at pre-storage period. However, this effect of GA3 did not continue till the end of the storage period. Fruit skin color, soluble solid content, titretable acidity, pH value, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of GA3 treated fruits were similar to the control group. After 60 days of storage, L* and b* values, acidity and fruit firmness decreased and fruit skin a* and pH values increased in storage of ‘Obilnaja’ plum fruits compared to the initial storage period. Physiological and pathological losses did not occur during the storage. As a conclusion, the results showed that ‘Obilnaja’ Japanese plum cultivar fruits can be stored for 60 days successfully under tested conditions

PDF

___

Kaynaklar
Arion, C.M., Tabart, J., Kevers, C., Niculaua, M., Filimon, R., Beceanu D., Dommes, J., 2014. Antioxidant potential of different plum cultivars during storage. Food Chemistry. 146: 485-491.
Bal, E., Çelik, S., 2008. Hasat sonrası uygulamalarının Giant erik çeşidinin meyve kalitesi ve soğukta muhafazası üzerine etkileri. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 14 (2): 101-107.
Benzie, I.E.F., Strain, J.J., 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ‘‘antioxidant power’’: The FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry. 239: 70-76.
Cetinbas, M., Koyuncu, F., 2013. The ripening and fruit quality of ‘Monroe’ peaches in response to pre-harvest application gibberellic acid. Journal of Akdeniz University Faculty of Agriculture. 26(2): 73-80.
Clayton, M., Biasi, W. V., Agar, T., Southwick, S. M., Mitcham, E. J., 2003. Postharvest quality of ‘Bing’ cherries following preharvest treatment with hydrogen cyanamide, calcium ammonium nitrate, or gibberellic acid. HortScience. 38(3): 407-411.
Coneva, E., Cline, J.A., 2006. Gibberellic acid inhibits flowering and reduces hand thinning of ‘Redhaven’ peach. Hortscience. vol:41/7, 1596-1601.
Crisosto, C.H., Garner, D., Crisosto, G.M., Bowerman, E., 2004. Increasing ‘Blackamber’ plum (Prunus salicina Lindell) consumer acceptance. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 34: 237–244.
Crisosto C.H., Mitchell, F.G., 2002. Postharvest Handling Systems: Stone Fruits. In: Kader, A. (ed.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. Univ. of California Agric. and Natural Resources, Publ. 3311, USA pp. 345-363.
Dagar, A., Weksler, A., Friedman, H., Lurie, S., 2012. Gibberellic acid (GA3) application at the end of pit ripening: Effect on ripening and storage of two harvests of ‘September Snow’ peach. Scientia Horticulturae. 140: 125-130.
Erkan, M., Karaşahin, I., Şahin, G., Eren, İ., Karamürsel, F., 2005. Modified atmosphere and 1-MCP combination affect postharvest quality of japanese type plums. 9th International Controlled Atmosphere Research Conference. 5-10 July, Michigan State University, USA.
García-Pallas, I., Val, I. and Blanco, A., 2001. The inhibition of flower bud differentiation ‘Crimson Gold’ nectarine with GA3 as an alternative to hand thinning. Scientia Horticulturae. 90(3-4): 265-278.
González-Rossia, D., Juan, M., Reig, C., Agusti, M., 2006. The inhibition of flowering by means of gibberellic acid application reduces the cost of and thinning in Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Scientia Horticulturae. 110(4): 319-323.
Gonzalez-Rossia, D., Juan, M., Reig, C., Agusti, M., 2007. Horticultural factors regulating effectiveness of GA3 ınhibiting flowering in peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Scientia Horticulturae. 111(4): 352-357.
Guerra, M., Casquero, P. A., 2008. Effect of harvest date on cold storage and postharvest quality of plum cv. Green Gage. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 47(3): 325-332.
Horvitz, S., Godoy, C., López Camelo, A.F., Yommi, A., Godoy, C., 2003. Application of gibberellic acid to ‘Sweetheart’ sweet cherries: Effect on fruit quality at harvest and during cold storage. Acta Horticulturae. 628(628): 311-316.
Kader, A.A., Mitchell, F.G., 2002. Postharvest Handling Systems: Stone Fruits. In: Kader, A. (ed.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. Univ. of California Agric. and Natural Resources, Publ. 3311, USA. pp.345-363.
Khan, S.K., Singh, Z., 2007. 1-MCP Regulates ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening during ripening of ‘Tegan Blue’ plum. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 43: 298-306.
Karaçalı, İ., 2012. Bahçe Ürünlerinin Muhafazası ve Pazarlanması. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 494. Bornova, İzmir
Kaynaş, K., Sakaldaş, M. and Yurt, U. 2009. The effects of different applications and different modified atmosphere packaging types on fruit quality of ‘Angeleno’ plums. Acta Horticulturae. 876: 209-216.
Krisha, H., Das, B., Attri, B. L., Kumar, A., Ahmed, N., 2012. Interaction between different pre and postharvest treatment on shelf life extension of “Oregon Spur” apple. Fruits. 67(1): 31-40.
Lenahan, O.M., Whiting, M.D., Elfving, D.C., 2006. Gibberellic acid inhibits floral bud induction and improves `Bing' sweet cherry fruit quality. HortScience. 41(3): 654-659.
Link, H., 2000. Significance of flower and fruit thinning on fruit quality Plant Growth Regulation 31: 17–26, 2000
McGuire, R.G., 1992. Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience. 27(12): 1254-1255.
Nunes, M.C.N., 2008. Impact of environmental conditions on fruit and vegetable quality. Stewart Postharvest Review. 4(2),1-14.
Özbek, S., 1978. Özel Meyvecilik. Ç.Ü. Zir. Fak. Yay. No. 128. Adana, 486 s.
Özkaya, O., Dündar, Ö., Küden, A., 2005. Adana koşullarında yetiştirilen Angelina erik çeşidinin depolama performansı. III. Bahçe Ürünlerinde Pazarlama ve Depolama Sempozyumu. s.406-408. Antakya.
Southwick, S.M., Yeager, J.T., Weis, K.G., 1997. Gibberellins on ‘Patterson’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca) to reduce hand thinning and improve fruit size and firmness: Effects over three seasons. Journal of Horticultural Science. 72(4): 645-652.
Thompson, A.K., 2003. Fruit and vegetables harvesting, handling and storage. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Webster, A.D., Spencer, J.E., 2000. Fruit thinning plums and apricots Plant Growth Regulation 31: 101–112.
Zheng, W., Wang, S.Y., 2001. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbs. J. Agric. Food Chem. (49): 5165–5170.
Webster, A.D., Spencer, J. E., 2000. Fruit thinnig plums and apricots. Plant Growth Regulation. 31(1/2): 101- 112.
Wills, R., McGlasson, B., Graham, D., Joyce, D, 1998. Postharvest an introduction to the physiology & handling of fruit, vegetables & ornamentals (4th ed.). Sydney: Cab International.