Meningokok Aşıları

Meningokok hastalıkları tüm dünyada yaygın görülen ve yaşamı tehdit eden tablolara neden olmaktadır. Polisakkarit meningokok aşıları uzun yıllardır kullanımdadır ve hasta- lık sıklığında azalma sağlamıştır. Ancak, polisakkarit aşıla- rın sütçocukları ve ufak çocuklarda zayıf immünojenite göstermesi, kısa süreli koruma sağlaması, immünolojik bellek geliştirmemesi, nazofarengeal taşıyıcılığa etki etme- mesi ve yineleyen dozlarda azalmış yanıt sağlaması gibi önemli sorunları vardır. Polisakkarit aşıların kimyasal olarak konjügasyonu bu sorunların aşılmasını sağlamıştır. Günümüzde konjüge meningokok aşıları olarak kuadriva- lan aşılar MenACWY-DT, MenACWY-CRM ve MenACWY- TT ve monovalan A ve B aşıları bulunmaktadır. Kuadri- valan konjüge meningokok aşılarından MenACWY-TT Nimenrix™ , tetanoz toksoit proteine konjüge edilmiş serogrup A, C, W ve Y içermektedir ve Avrupa’da 12. ayda tek doz olarak onay almış ilk meningokok aşısıdır. Yapılan çalışma sonuçları, MenACWY-TT aşısının sütçocuğu, çocuk, adolesan ve erişkinlerde tek doz uygulama sonrası yeterli immünojenisite ve etkinlik profiline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca güvenilirlik ve istenmeyen etki pro- fili plasebo ile eşdeğerdir ve diğer aşılarla eşzamanlı ola- rak uygulanabilir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Meningokok aşıları, konjügasyon, kuadrivalan meningokok aşıları, çocuk

Meningococcal Vaccines

Meningococcal disease is a serious and global life- threatening disease. Meningococcal polysaccharide vacci- nes have been used for years and have led to the decline in the burden of the disease. However, polysaccharide vaccines have several limitations, including poor immunogenicity in infants and toddlers, short-lived protection, inability to deve- lop immunologic memory, negligible impact on nasophary- ngeal carriage, and induction of hyporesponsiveness after repeated doses. The chemical conjugation of plain polysacc- haride vaccines has overcome these drawbacks. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines include the quadrivalent vaccines MenACWY-DT, MenACWY-CRM, and MenACWY- TT as well as the monovalent A and C vaccines. The quad- rivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenACWY-TT , comprising the serogroups A, C, W and Y conjugated to tetanus toxoid carrier protein marketed under the trade name Nimenrix™ , is the first quadrivalent vaccine appro- ved in Europe as a single dose for ages 12 months. Study results have demonstrated that MenACWY-TT has an adequ- ate immunogenicity, and efficacy profile across a broad age range including toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults following its application. It has also a reliability, and side effect profiles equivalent to placebo, and it can be adminis- tered concurrently with other vaccines

Keywords:

Meningococcal vaccines, conjugation, quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines, child,

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