Aylin PEKYİĞİT, Dilek YILDIZ, Berna EREN FİDANCI, Burcu ÇALIK BAĞRIYANIK

Hastanede Yatan Çocuklarda Yaratıcı Oyun Yöntemi ile Hastalık ve Hastane Kavramı: Niteliksel Bir Çalışma

Amaç: Hastaneye yatmak, çocuklar ve aileler için korku yaratan olumsuz bir deneyimdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastanede yatan okul çağı çocuklarının “hastalık ve hastane” hakkındaki duygu ve düşüncelerinin öğrenmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma bir devlet hastanesinin çocuk servisinde yatan 100 çocuk ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Niteliksel olarak planlanan bu çalışmada hastanede yatan okul çağı çocuklarının hastalık ve hastane ilgili düşüncelerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan yaratıcı oyun yöntemi ile cümle tamam- lama testi uygulanmıştır. Cümle tamamlama testine, araştırmacılar tarafın- dan içerik analizi yapılarak tema ve kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma için etik kurul ve gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Bulgular: Çocuklar için sağlık-hastalık algısı, hastane deneyimi, endişeler ve hastaneden beklentiler olarak dört kategoriden oluşmaktadır. Hasta çocuklar, sağlığı kendini iyi hissetmek ve güçlü olmak, hastalığı kendini kötü hissetmek aileden, arkadaşlardan ve okuldan ayrılmak, hiçbir şey yapamamak olarak tanımlamışlardır. Hastanede yatmayı kötü, üzücü bir duygu ve korkunç bir deneyim olarak belirtmişlerdir. Hastanede aileden, okuldan, arkadaşlarından, öğretmenlerinden ayrı oldukları, derslerinden geri kaldıkları için üzüntü duyduklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Çocukların hastanedeki beklentilerinden bazıları ise kalınan odada oyuncak olması, hastanede büyük bir oyun alanının olması, okulda kaçırdığı dersleri odasından takip edebileceği bir imkan olmasıdır. Sonuç: Araştırmamızda hastanede yatan okul çağı çocuklarının en büyük endişelerinin aileden, okuldan, arkadaşlarından ve derslerinden ayrı kalması olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hasta çocuk, hastanede yatan çocuk, yaratıcı oyun

Disease and Hospital Concept with Creative Play Method in Hospitalized Children: A Qualitative Study

Objective: Hospitalization is a fearful negative experience for children and families. The aim of this study is to learn the feelings and thoughts of school age children hospitalized in the hospital about “illness and hospital”. Material and Method: The study was carried out with 100 children hospitalized in the pediatric ward of a state hospital. In this qualitatively planned study, a sentence completion test was applied with the creative play method aiming to reveal the illness and hospital-related thoughts of hospitalized school-age children. In the sentence completion test, the themes and categories were created by content analysis by the researchers. Ethics committee and necessary permissions were obtained for the study. Results: The Health-illness perception for children consists of four categories, being hospital experience, concerns, and expectations from the hospital. Sick children defined health as feeling good and strong, illness as feeling bad, leaving family, friends and school, and being unable to do anything. They reported staying in the hospital as a bad, sad feeling and a terrible experience. They stated that they regret being separated from their family, school, friends, and teachers in the hospital, and they missed their lessons. Some of the expectations of the children in the hospital are toys in the room, a large playground in the hospital, and an opportunity to follow the lessons they missed at school from their room. Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that the most important concern of school-age children who were hospitalized was their separation from family, school, friends, and lessons

Keywords:

Creative play, hospitalized child, sick child,

PDF

___

1. Favara-Scacco C, Smirne G, Schilirö G, Di Cataldo A. Art therapy as support for children with leukemia during painful procedures. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;36(4):474-80. google scholar
2. Merck T, McElfresh P. Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization. In: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D, Rodgers CC. Ed., Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, Tenth Edition, Elsevier; 2017. p. 554-571. google scholar
3. Çavuşoğlu H. Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği, 12. Baskı, 1. Cilt, Ankara: Sistem Ofset Basımevi; 2019. google scholar
4. Burns-Nader S. Hernandez-Reif M. Facilitating play for hospitalized children through child life services. Children’s Health Care 2016;45;1-21. google scholar
5. Cimete G, Kuğuoğlu S, Çınar NS. Çocuk, Hastalık, Hastane Ortamı. İçinden: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, Bolışık B, Ed., Pediatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi; 2013. google scholar
6. Li WHC, Chung JOK, Ho KY, Kwok BMC. Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC Pediatrics 2016;16:36-44. google scholar
7. Lemos ICS, Silva LG, Delmondes GA, Brasil AX, Santos PLF, Gomes E, et al. Therapeutic play use in children under the venipucture : A strategy for pain reduction. American Journal of Nursing Research 2016;4(1):1-5. google scholar
8. Caleffi CCF, Rocha PK, Anders JC, Souza AIJ, Burciaga VB, Serapiao LS. Contribution of structured therapeutic play in a nursing care model for hospitalised children. Revista Gaucha De Enfermagem 2016;37(2):1-8. google scholar
9. Foote JM. Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family. In: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D, Rodgers CC. Ed., Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, Tenth Edition, Elsevier; 2017. p.57-67. google scholar
10. Akkavak DT, Karabudak SS. Hastanede Yatan Okul Çağı Çocukların Hemşireyi ve Hastaneyi Algılama Durumlarının İncelenmesi. DEUHFED 2019;12(1):46-56. google scholar
11. Sanders J. Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization. In: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D, Ed., Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, Eighth Edition, Elsevier. 2009. google scholar
12. Lima LN, Carvalho EO, Batista V, Melo MC. Self-reported experience of hospitalized children: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm 2020;73(Suppl 4):e20180740. google scholar
13. Pena ANL, Juan LC. The experience of hospitalized children regarding their interactions with nursing professionals. Review Latino-Americano Enfermagem 2011;19(6):1429-36. google scholar
14. Flowers SR, Birnie KA. Procedural preparation and support as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Pediatric Blood and Cancer 2015;62(Suppl. 5):694-723. google scholar
15. McMurtry M, Chambers C, McGrath P, Asp E. When “don’t worry” communicates fear: Children’s perceptions of parental reassurance and distraction during a painful medical procedure. Pain 2010;150(1):52-8. google scholar
16. Sahiner NC, Bal MD. The effects of three different distraction methods on pain and anxiety in children. J Child Health Care 2016;20(3):277-85. google scholar
17. Schleisman A, Mahon E. Creative Play A nursing intervention for children and adults with cancer, Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 2018;22(2):137-40. google scholar
18. Barkey ME, Stephens B. Comfort measures during invasive procedures: The role of the child life specialists. Child Life Focus 2000;2(1):1-4. google scholar
19. Moore M, Russ S. Pretend play as a resource for children: Implications for pediatricians and health professionals. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 2006;27(3):237-48. google scholar
20. Nabors L, Bartz J, Kichler J, Sievers R, Elkins R, Pangallo J. Play as a mechanism for working through medical trauma for children with medical illnesses and their siblings. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing 2013;36(3):212-24. google scholar
21. Li HCW, Lopez V. Effectiveness and appropriateness of therapeutic play intervention in preparing children for surgery: A randomized controlled trial study. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2008;13(2):63-73. google scholar
22. Coşkuntürk AE, Gözen D. The Effect of Interactive Therapeutic Play Education Program on Anxiety Levels of Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and Their Mothers. J Perianesth Nurs 2018;2. google scholar
23. Buyuk ET, Bolışık B. The Effect of Preoperative Training and Therapeutic Play on Children’ s Anxiety, Fear and Pain. Journal of Pediatric Surgical Nursing 2015;4(2):78-85. google scholar