Reaktif oksijen türleri ve obezitede oksidatif stres

Obezite; alınan enerjinin, harcanan enerjiden fazla olmasından kaynaklanan, tüm dünyada prevalansı endişe verici şekilde artan kronik bir hastalıktır. Obeziteye neden olan etkenlerden biri olan oksidatif stres, reaktif oksijen türleri (ROT) ile hücrenin antioksidan savunma sistemi arasındaki dengesizlikten ortaya çıkar. Obezitede artış gösteren ROT’lar hipotalamik nöronlar üzerinde etkili olarak, açlık ve tokluğun kontrolünde ve buna bağlı olarak vücut ağırlığının kontrolünde etkili olurlar. ROT arttığında, DNA, protein ve lipitlerin oksidasyonu yoluyla hücre zedelenmesi, nekroz ve apopitoz oluşur. Adipoz dokuda oksidatif stresin artışı obez kişilerde metabolik sendrom gelişmesine neden olur. Diğer yandan kalori kısıtlaması veya egzersiz nedeniyle kilo kaybı oksidatif stresi azaltır. ROT oluşumundan sorumlu enzim sistemleri ve antioksidan sistemlerin hücrede yerleşimi farklılık gösterse de mitokondri ROT oluşumunun en önemli kaynağıdır. Elektron transfer sisteminde, oksidatif fosforilasyon tepkimeleri sonucu oluşan ROT’lar, hücre sinyal mekanizması, hücre çoğalması ve farklılaşması gibi çeşitli fizyolojik olaylarda rol alırlar. Bu derlemede, obezitede artan oksidatif stresin nedenleri literatüre dayalı olarak güncellenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Obezite, oksidatif stres, reaktif oksijen türleri, serbest radikaller, antioksidan sistem

Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in obesity

Obesity is a chronic disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide and occurs when energy intake is greater than energy expenditure.Oxidative stress is one of the factors that cause obesity and arises from an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species and cell’s antioxidant defense system. Increasing ROS in obesity has an effect on the hypothalamic neurons which are involved in hunger and satiety control and consequently body weight control. On the other hand, weight loss due to calorie restriction or exercise reduces oxidative stress. Although the enzyme systems responsible for ROS formation and antioxidant systems are located in different parts of the cell, mitochondria is the most important source for ROS formation. In electron transfer system, reactive oxygen species forming as a result of oxidative phosphorylation reactions are involved in various physiological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In the present review, the causes of increased oxidative stress in obesity are updated based on the literature.

Keywords:

Obesity, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, free radicals, antioxidant system,

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