Besinlerin poliamin içerikleri

Putresin (diamin), spermidin (triamin) ve spermin (tetramin) doğada yaygın olarak bulunan başlıca polikatyonik doğal aminlerdir. Putresin ve spermidin hemen hemen tüm organizmalarda yer alırken spermin başlıca ökaryotik hücrelerde bulunur. Poliaminler memelilerde hücre büyümesi, farklılaşması, DNA, RNA ve protein sentezinde rol alırlar. Hücrelerde endojen olarak üretilebildikleri gibi diyet yoluyla ekzojen olarak da alınırlar. Poliaminler, her tip hücre büyümesi, çoğalması ve hayatın devamlılığı için gereklidirler. Bu nedenle, ameliyat sonrası hastaların iyileşmesi, yaraların kapanması ve yeni doğanların büyümesi gibi hızlı hücre büyümesi gereken durumlarda diyet poliamin miktarı artırılır. Ancak, yüksek miktarda intraselüler poliamin varlığı çeşitli kanser tipleriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sınırlı ekzojen poliamin alımı ise, tümör terapi stratejilerinde ümit verici bulunmuştur. Sağlık ve hastalıkta biyoaktif aminlerin etkisi üzerine artan sayıda literatür bulunmakla birlikte, Türkiye’de, anne sütü ve besinlerde poliamin içeriği hakkında, özellikle diyet hazırlanmasına uygun bilgi sınırlıdır. Diyetisyenler için, besinlerin güvenilir poliamin içerikleri bilgisine gereksinim vardır. Bu derlemede, sebze, meyve, anne sütü, et ve süt ürünleri başta olmak üzere çeşitli besinlerin poliamin içerikleri ve günlük tüketim ihtiyaçları literatüre dayalı şekilde özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Poliamin, putresin, spermidin, spermin, sebze, meyve, et ürünleri, süt ürünleri, anne sütü

Polyamines in foods

Putrescine (diamine), spermidine (triamine) and spermine (tetramine) are the most abundant polycatioanic natural amines. Putrescine and spermidine are found in nearly all organisms, while spermine is mainly found in eukaryotic cells. They are involved in the regulation of gene expression, translation, cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in mammallian cells. They can be supplied by endogenous synthesis inside the cell or intake from exogenous sources. Polyamines are critical for all types of cellular proliferation and for the continuation of life in all cell types. An increased need of dietary polyamines is suggested during rapid growth, such as neonatal period, wound healing and after surgery. However, it was also shown that the high levels of intracellular polyamines correlate with various human cancers. The limited exogenous polyamines emerges as a promising strategy in tumour therapy. There is a growing body of literature related to the effects of bioactive amines on health and diseases, but limited information about polyamine contents of food and human milk is available especially for diets in Turkey. Reliable information on polyamine content in foods is needed for dieticians. In this review, polyamine content of foods, especially vegetables, fruits, mother milk, meat and diary products, and requirement of daily intake were summarised based on the literature.

Keywords:

Polyamine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, vegetables, fruits, meat products, dairy products, mother milk,

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