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TÜRKİYE’DE ELEKTRİKLİ VE HİBRİT ARAÇLAR İÇİN ACİL MÜDAHALE YAKLAŞIMLARI

Günlük hayatta, trafikte kullanımı artan elektrikli ve hibrit araçlar, olası trafik kazaları için önemli bir risk teşkil etmektedir. Elektrikli ve hibrit araçların dahil olduğu kaza durumlarında meydana gelecek mekanik deformasyonlar nedeniyle ve/veya kimi zaman yeterli bakım & onarım süreçlerinin işletilemediği durumlarda, yüksek gerilim tahrik bataryalarından kaynaklı yangınlarla karşılaşılma riski bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu risk, genellikle yüksek gerilim tahrik bataryasına ait hücrelerin mekanik, termal veya elektriksel açıdan tanımlanan çalışma aralığının dışında bir duruma maruz kalmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu durumlar beraberinde sıcaklığının yükselmesine, dolayısıyla batarya hücrelerinin de ısınmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu sıcaklık artışı, hücrelerdeki istenmeyen kimyasal reaksiyonları da hızlandırarak daha yüksek sıcaklık seviyelerine ulaşılmasına; sonrasında yüksek gerilim tahrik bataryalarında kendi kendini güçlendiren ve durdurulamaz bir kimyasal reaksiyon döngüsüne girmesine neden olmaktadır. Benzer bir süreçte yaşanacak sadece bir hücre bazındaki termal kaçak durumu dahi diğer bütün modüllere sirayet edebilen, hatta tahrik bataryasını tamamen etkiyebilecek termal risklerle karşı karşıya kalınmasına etken olunmaktadır. Bu durumun elektrikli ve hibrit araçlara esas başlıca güvenlik tehlikeleri arasında yer aldığı bilinmektedir. İşbu çalışma ile Türkiye’de elektrikli ve hibrit araçlara özel etkin ve yerinde acil müdahale ve kurtarma hizmetleri konusunda dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ve uygulanacak doğru yöntemler ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Elektrikli ve hibrit araçlarda acil müdahale yöntemleri, elektrikli ve hibrit araçlarda batarya yangınları, yangın söndürme, kurtarma hizmetleri

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