Mide karsinomalı hastalarda metastazlı lenf nodüllerinin oranının prognostik değeri

Amaç: Mide karsinomasında TNM sınıflandırmasına göre metastazlı lenf nodüllerinin gruplandırılması için en az 16 lenf nodülü çıkarılması gereklidir. Daha az lenf nodülü çıkarılmış hastalarda nodül gruplandırması, metastazlı lenf nodüllerinin sayısının çıkarılan lenf nodüllerinin sayısına oranına(lenf nodülü oranı) göre yapılabilir. Bu çalışmada, D1 lenf nodülü diseksiyonu yapılan mide karsinomlu hastalarda lenf nodülü oranının prognostik önemi araştırıldı. Yöntem: Potansiyel olarak küratif rezeksivon yapılan lenf nodülü pozitif mide karsinomlu 177 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Veriler prospektif olarak toplandı. Hastalar 16'dan az (Grup 1, 87 hasta) ve 16 ve daha fazla (Grup 2, 90 hasta) lenf nodülü çıkarılanlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Lenf nodülü oranı için, hastaları dengeli sayıda ve karşılaştırılmalarında anlamlı sağkalım farklılıkları olan altgruplara ayıran değişik eşik değerler araştırıldı. Bulgular: Grup 1'de lenf nodülü oranı 0.40 olanlardan (%11.8) anlamlı olarak daha iyi idi (pcO.OOOI) ve hastalar 0.35 ile 0.70 oranlarına göre de anlamlı olarak üç altgruba ayrılmakta idi. Bu ikili ve üçlü gruplandırma çok değişkenli Cox analizinde bağımsız prognostik öneme sahipti (her ikisi için p= 0.001). Grup 2'de lenf nodülü oranı 0.30 olanlardan (%9,1) anlamlı olarak daha iyi idi (p= 0.0026) ve hastaları anlamlılık düzeyine en yakın üç altgruba ayıran eşik değerler de 0.40 ile 0.80 idi. Bu ikili ve üçlü gruplandııma Cox analizinde sınırda anlamlılığa sahipti (sırasıyla p= 0.050 ve p= 0.055). Sonuç: Mide karsinomlu hastalarda lenf nodülü oranı, gerek 16'dan az gerekse 16 ve daha fazla lenf nodülü çıkarılmış hastalarda prognostik nodlu gruplarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabilir.

Prognostic value of metastatic lymph node ratio in patients with gastric carcinoma

Objectives: In order to classify metastatic lymph nodes according to TNM classification in gastric carcinoma, at least 16 lymph nodes have to be excised. In patients with less than 16 lymph nodes removed, nodal classification may be accomplished with respect to the ratio of the number of metastatic lymph nodes to the number of lymph nodes removed (lymph node ratio). In this study, the prognostic significance of lymph node ratio in gastric carcinoma patients who underwent D1 lymph node dissection was investigated. Methods: One hundred seventy seven node positive gastric carcinoma patients who underwent potentially curative resection were included in the study. Data was collected prospectively. Patients were divided as Group 1(number of removed lymph nodes less than 16, 87 patients) and Group 2 (number of removed lymph nodes 16 and higher, 90 patients). A number of threshold values with regard to lymph node ratio which separated the patients into various subgroups with similar patient numbers and significantly different survival rates were investigated. Results: In Group I, patients with a lymph node ratio 0.40 (1 1.8%) (p

___

  • 1.Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, et al, eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002: 111-118.
  • 2.Volpe CM, Koo J, Miloro SM, et al. The effect of extended lymphadenectomy on survival in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 181: 56-64.
  • 3.Lewis WG, Edwards P, Barry JD, et al. D2 or not D2? The gastrectomy question. Gastric Cancer 2002; 5: 29-34.
  • 4.Kodera Y, Schwarz R, Nakao A. Extended lymph node dissection in gastric carcinoma: where do we stand after the Dutch and British randomized trials? J Am Coll Surg 2002; 195: 855-864.
  • 5.Wu C-W, Hsiung CA, Lo S-S, et al. Nodal dissection for patients with gastric cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2006; 7: 309-315.
  • 6.Wanebo HJ, Kennedy BJ, Winchester DP, et al. Gastric carcinoma: does lymph node dissection alter survival? J Am Coll Surg 1996; 183: 616-624.
  • 7.Cuschieri A, Fayers P, Fielding J, et al for the Surgical Cooperative Group. Postoperative morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: Preliminary results of the MRC randomised controlled surgical trial. Lancet 1996; 347: 995-999.
  • 8.Hartgrink HH, van de Velde CJH, Putter H, et al. Extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: Who may benefit? Final results of the randomized Dutch Gastric Cancer Group trial. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 2069-2077.
  • 9.Karpeh MS, Leon L, Klimstra D, Brennan MF. Lymph . node staging in gastric cancer: is location more important than number? An analysis of 1,038 patients. Ann Surg 2000; 232: 362-371.
  • 10.Hundahl SA, Phillips JL, Menck HR. The National Cancer Data Base report on poor survival of U.S. gastric carcinoma patients treated with gastrectomy: fifth edition American Joint Commitee on Cancer Staging, Proximal Disease, and the "Different Disease" Hypothesis. Cancer 2000; 88: 921-932.
  • 11.Mullaney PJ, Wadley MS, Hyde C, et al. Appraisal of compliance with the UICC/AJCC staging system in the staging of gastric cancer. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 1405-1408.
  • 12.Bouvier A-M, Haas O, Piard F, et al. How many nodes must be examined to accurately stage gastric carcinomas? Results from a population based study. Cancer 2002; 94: 2862-2866.
  • 13.Dicken BJ, Bigam DL, Cass C, et al. Gasric adenocarcinoma: Review and considerations for future directions. Am Surg 2005; 241: 27-39.
  • 14.Kim J-P, Lee J-H, Kim S-J, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors in 10783 patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 1998; 1: 125-133.
  • 15.Takagane A, Terashima M, Abe K, et al. Evaluation of the ratio of lymph node metastasis as a prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 1999; 2: 122-128.
  • 16.Inoue K, Nakane Y, Liyama H, et al. The superiority of ratio-based lymph node staging in gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 27-34.
  • 17. Hyung WJ, Noh SH, Yoo CH, et al. Prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in T3 gastric cancer. World J Surg 2002; 26: 323-329.
  • 18.Dhar DK, Kubota H, Tachibana M, et al. Long-term survival of transmural advanced gastric carcinoma following curative resection: multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. World J Surg 2000; 24: 588-594.
  • 19.Bando E, Yonemura Y, Taniguchi K, et al. Outcome of ratio of lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 775-784.
  • 20.Nitti D, Marchet A, Olivieri M, et al. Ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes is an independent prognostic factor after D2 resection for gastric cancer: analysis of a large European monoinstitutional experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10: 1077-1085.
  • 21.Santiago JMR, Munoz E, Marti M, et al. Metastatic lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31: 59-66.
  • 22.CelenD,Yıldırım E, Berberoğlu U. Prognostic impact of positive lymph node ratio in gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2007; 96: 95-101.
  • 23.Marchet A, Mocellin S, Ambrosi A, et al. The ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes (N ratio) is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer regardless of the type of lymphadenectomy: Results from an Italian multicentric study in 1853 patients. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 543-552.
  • 24.Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma -2nd English edition-. Gastric Cancer 1998; 1: 10-24.
  • 25.Siewert JR, Böttcher K, Stein HJ, Roder JD and the . German Gastric Carcinoma Study Group. Relevant prognostic factors in gastric cancer: ten-year results of the German Gastric Cancer Study. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 449-461.
  • 26.Okura T, Nakane Y, Boku T, et al. Quantitative analysis of nodal involvement with respect to survival rate after curative gastrectomy for carcinoma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170: 488-494.
  • 27.Saito H, Fukumoto Y, Osaki T, et al. Prognostic significance of the ratio between metastatic and dissected lymph nodes (n ratio) in patients with advanced gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2008; 97: 132-135.