Rukiye Pınar BÖLÜKTAŞ

18792

PALYATİF BAKIM HASTALARINDA MANEVİ BAKIM

Bu çalışmada palyatif bakım hastalarında maneviyat ve manevi bakım konusunda yapılan araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. Palyatif bakım, ilerlemiş ve/veya ilerleyici hastalığı olan ve tıbbi olarak tedavinin mümkün olmadığı hastalarda ve bu hastaların ailelerinde fiziksel, psiko-sosyal ve manevi sorunların önlenmesi/ hafifletilmesine ve yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik yaklaşımları içerir. Palyatif bakım yaklaşımı ölümü normal bir süreç olarak kabul eder, hasta bakımının psikolojik ve inanç yönlerini bütünleştirir, hastanın ölüme kadar mümkün olduğu kadar aktif olarak yaşamasına, yanısıra hastaların hastalıkları ve ölüm sonrasında ise ailenin yas tutma süreçlerinin üstesinden gelmesine yardımcı olur. Maneviyat “bireylerin anlam ve amaç arama ve bunu ifade etme tarzı, içinde bulunulan ana, kendisine, başkalarına, doğaya, anlamlı ve kutsal olana bağlanma biçimi” olarak tanımlanabilir. Herhangi bir dine ve inanca bağlı olsun ya da olmasın palyatif bakım hastalarının çoğu manevi sıkıntı yaşar. Manevi sıkıntı anlamsızlık, umutsuzluk, başkalarına bağımlılılık, izole olmuş hissetme ve desteksizlik duygusu şeklinde algılanabilir; korku, sinirlilik, umutsuzluk, depresyon şeklinde tezahür edebilir ve intihar düşünceleri ile ilişkili olabilir. Tersine manevi esenlik iç huzur, umut, değerli ve saygın hissetme, daha iyi yaşam kalitesi, daha az depresyon ve daha az anksiyete ile ilişkilidir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar ölümü yaklaşan hastaların manevi bakım hizmetlerine zaman eksikliği, profesyonel eğitim eksikliği, bilinç eksikliği, sağlık çalışanları ve hasta ve aileleri arasındaki kültürel farklılıklar vb gibi bireysel, kurumsal ve kültürel engeller nedeniyle yeterince ulaşamadıklarını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak manevi bakım mutlaka palyatif bakım hizmetlerine entegre edilmeli; manevi bakım uygulamaları, bazı gelişmiş ülkelerde olduğu gibi, verilen hizmetlerin kalite göstergesi olarak ele alınmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaşam sonu bakım, palyatif bakım, terminal dönem bakımı, maneviyat

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Çekmece Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi-Cover
  • Başlangıç: 2012
  • Yayıncı: İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi
Arşiv
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