Yüzücülerde Antrenman Sonucu Oluşan Dehidrasyonun Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Çalışmanın amacı, yüzücülerdeki antrenman sonrası sıvı kaybına bağlı ağırlık değişiminin kandaki, sodyum (Na+), potayum (K+) ve klor (Cl-) düzeylerine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmaya Ankara İli’nde aktif olarak yüzme sporuyla uğraşan 31 gönüllü (9 kadın, 22 erkek) yüzücü katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaşları 13-16 yıl arasında (erkeklerde 14.40±1.44 yıl, kadınlarda 14.33±1 yıl), boy uzunlukları 166.00±6.61 cm (erkeklerde 166.66±6.61 cm ve kadınlarda 160.95±4.82 cm), spor yaşları 6.41±1.31 yıl olarak ölçülmüştür. Havuz ısısı 23°C, nemlilik %97 olarak ayarlanmıştır. Katılımcıların antrenman öncesi ve sonrası vücut ağırlıkları (kadınlarda AÖ: 48.96±5.79kg, AS: 47.33±5.51kg; erkeklerde AÖ: 59.30±5.89 kg, AS: 57.43±5.79 kg), kan sodyum (Na+) (kadınlarda AÖ: 142.77±1.64 mmol/L, AS: 140.88±2.14 kg; erkeklerde AÖ: 143.40±1.91 mmol/L, AS:141.66±2.10 mmol/L), kan potasyum (K+) (kadınlarda AÖ: 4.77±0.21 mmol/L, AS: 4.87±0.21 mmol/L; erkeklerde AÖ: 4.71±0.2 mmol/L, AS: 4.80±0.17 mmol/L), kan klor (Cl-) (kadınlarda AÖ: 108.0±1.22 mmol/L, AS: 106.22±1.09 mmol/L, erkeklerde AÖ: 105.72±2.31 mmol/L, AS: 103.90±2.61 mmol/L) olarak ölçülmüştür. Daha sonra elde edilen veriler SPSS 15.0 programı kullanılarak ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak yüzücülerde uzun süreli ve yoğun interval antrenman programı ile kandaki Na+ ve Cl- iyonlarında azalma ve K+ iyonlarında ise artışın anlamlı seviyede olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.05). Kaybedilen sıvı ve elektrolitlerin yerine konması sporcunun, sağlığı ve performansının korunması için son derece önemlidir. Vücut sıvılarının azalması ile performansta düşme, termoregülasyonda bozulma, sıcağı tolera edememe gibi çeşitli fizyolojik durumlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu durumlardan korunmak ve düzeltmek için sporcuların gün içerisinde düzenli olarak belirli aralıklarla sıvı tüketmeye özen göstermesi kendilerine özel bir sıvı alım planı oluşturmaları gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dehidrasyon, Sodyum, Potasyum, Klor, Egzersiz, Terleme

Searching Some Blood Parametres for Indication of Dehydration Following Training in Swimmers

The aim of the study to identify the level of changes in blood sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chlorine (Cl-) due to dehydration after training in swimmers. 31 swimmers (9 female, 22 male) which are training in Ankara City participated in this study. The ages of the subjects vary between ages 13-16, (in male 14.40±1.44 years and in female 14.33±1 years), their height vary between 166.00±6.61 cm (in male 166.66±6.61 cm and in female 160.95±4.82 cm) and their total training time is 6.41±1.31 years. The pool temperature is fixed to 23°C and the humidity to 97%. The before and after training analyses of the subjects yielded the following results, body weight (BW) ( in female BT:48.96±5.79 kg, AT: 47.33±5.51 kg, in male BT: 59.30±5.89 kg, AT: 57.43±5.79 kg), blood sodium (Na+) (in female BT: 142.77±1.64 mmol/L, AT: 140.88±2.14 kg, in male BT: 143.40±1.91 mmol/L, AT: 141.66±2.10 mmol/L), blood potassium (K+) (in female BT: 4.77±0.21 mmol/L, AT: 4.87±0.21 mmol/L, in male BT: 4.71±0.2 mmol/L, AT: 4.80±0.17 mmol/L), blood chloride (Cl-) (in female BT: 108±1.22 mmol/L, AT: 106.22±1.09 mmol/L, in male BT: 105.72±2.31 mmol/L, AT: 103.90±2.61 mmol/L). the obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 program. As a result, dehydration induced Na+ and Cl- ions increase and K+ ion reduce in blood after long-term exercise was determined as significant in swimmers (p<0.05). Replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes is extremely important for the athlete's health and performance. As the body fluids decrease, the performance decreases, the thermoregulation deteriorates, the the tolerance of the temperature decreases and various physiological conditions arise. In order to protect and improve these situations, athletes should take regular measures to consume liquids at regular intervals throughout the day. And they need to create and apply a special fluid intake plan.

Keywords:

Dehydration, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Exercise, Sweat,

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