Ozan HOVARDAOĞLU, Seda ÇALIŞIR HOVARDAOĞLU

Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki Turizm İşletmelerinde Tarım Üreticisiyle Yapılan İş Birlikleri: Türkiye’de Farklı Turizm Destinasyonları Arasında Karşılaştırmalı Niteliksel bir Analiz

Bu araştırma, turizmin başat sektöre dönüşümünden önce kırsal yerleşme niteliği taşıyan destinasyonlarda tarımsal üretimle aile ve mülkiyet ilişkilerini koparmamış turizm işletmecilerinin, turizm işletmeleri ve tarımsal üretici arasında kurdukları yeni iş birliklerinin niteliğini analiz etmektedir. Araştırma bulguları, amaçsal örnekleme ve kartopu örnekleme teknikleri kullanılarak üç farklı destinasyondaki dört yerleşmede erişilen yeme-içme ve konaklama tesisi sahibi ya da yöneticisi olan katılımcılardan iki basamaklı bir araştırma sürecinde elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, turizm işletmeleriyle tarımsal üretim arasında olağan gıda tedarik zinciri dışında yeni iş birliklerinin kurulduğunu göstermektedir. Bu iş birlikleri, turizm işletmecisi tarafından oluşturulan ve en düşük seviyede işletmede servis edilen gıda ürünleri için hammadde olarak kullanımdan, misafir ya da müşteriye çeşitli paketleme seçenekleriyle sunumu veya satışına ve en ileri seviyede işletme misafirlerine agro-turizm hizmeti sunumuna kadar geniş bir yelpazeyi temsil etmektedir. Bu iş birliklerinin hem turizm işletmecisi hem de tarımsal üretici için dolaylı ve doğrudan ekonomik fayda ürettiği; ayrıca hem enformel de olsa sözleşmeli tarım uygulamalarının yolunu açtığı hem de iş birliği yapılan üretici sayısına bağlı olarak kırsal yerleşmelerde bir yayılma etkisi oluşturabildiği, bu sayede kırsal kalkınma çabalarına da olumlu katkı ürettiği bulunmuştur. Yerli turistin başlıca hedef kitle olduğu bu iş birliklerinin seviyelerinin işletme ölçeği ve profesyonelleşme düzeyleriyle ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Turizm-tarım iş birliği, Turizm-tarım iş birliği, küçük ve orta büyüklükteki turizm işletmeleri, turizm temelli kalkınma, kırsal kalkınma

Cooperation with Agricultural Producers in Small and Medium Sized Tourism Enterprises: A Comparative Qualitative Analysis between Various Tourism Destinations in Turkey

This research qualitatively analyses new cooperative relations between tourism entrepreneurs and agricultural producers that have been established by tourism entrepreneurs who tended to maintain family and property ownership relations in the destinations wherein tourism has gained economic dominance over agricultural production. Employing a combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques, findings were obtained from participants, who were the owner or the manager of food and beverage or accommodation facilities, in four settlements from three different destinations. Findings show that new cooperative relations were being established apart from the ordinary supply chain. Established by the tourism entrepreneurs, those relations represent a wide cooperation ranging from using the products for food services in the lowest level to sale to the customers with various options and to agro-tourism in the highest level. It is found that those relations have direct and indirect positive economic influences both for tourism entrepreneurs and agricultural producers and paves a way for informal subcontracting relations between them which also creates spill-over effects that contribute to the rural development efforts. It is also found that domestic tourists constitute the main market, and the level of cooperation is related with the size and professionalization level of the tourism enterprises.

Keywords:

Cooperation between tourism and agriculture, small and medium sized tourism enterprises, tourism-based development, rural development,

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