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Mikrobiyotanın Enfeksiyon Hastalıklarındaki Rolü

Gastrointestinal sistemde trilyonlarca mikroptan oluşan bağırsak mikrobiyotası, insan vücudundaki en büyük mikrobiyal topluluktur. Mikrobiyotanın sağlık ve hastalıklardaki rolü, keşfinden beri çok sayıda çalışmada vurgulanmaktadır. Mikrobiyota, bulunduğu bölgeye bağlı olarak bağırsak, ağız, solunum ve deri mikrobiyotası olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Mikrobiyal topluluklar, konakçı ile simbiyoz halinde olup, besinlerin emilimi, homeostaziye katkı, bağışıklık fonksiyonunun modülasyonu ve vücudu patojenik mikroorganizmalara karşı koruma gibi birçok fizyolojik işlevi yerine getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, mikrobiyota disbiyozu, vücut fonksiyonlarında düzensizliğe ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, kanserler, solunum yolu hastalıkları gibi birçok hastalığa yol açabilmektedir. Çok sayıda araştırma, bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile bağırsaklar, akciğerler, beyin ve cilt gibi birçok organ arasında çift yönlü bir etkileşim olduğunu göstermiştir. Bağırsak mikrobiyal değişikliği birçok lokal ve sistemik bozukluğunun patogenezinde rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle, klinik olarak bağırsak mikrobiyal simbiyoz/disbiyoz mekanizmalarının anlaşılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu derleme mikrobiyotanın enfeksiyon hastalıklarındaki rolünü araştırma amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mikrobiyota, Disbiyoz, Fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu, C. difficile, HIV

The Role of Microbiota in Infectious Diseases

The gut microbiota, made up of trillions of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, is the largest microbial community in the human body. The role of microbiota in health and disease has been emphasized in numerous studies since its discovery. Microbiota is classified as intestinal, oral, respiratory and skin microbiota depending on the region. Microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host and perform many physiological functions such as absorption of nutrients, contribution to homeostasis, modulation of immune function, and protection of the body against pathogenic microorganisms. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to irregularity in body functions and many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and respiratory diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and many organs such as the gut, lungs, brain, and skin. Intestinal microbial changes play a role in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of intestinal microbial symbiosis/dysbiosis clinically. This review was written to investigate the role of microbiota in infectious diseases.

Keywords:

Microbiota, Dysbiosis, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, C. difficile, HIV,

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