Kavuzlu Siyez (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) ve Ekmeklik (Triticum aestivum L.) Buğdaylarda Kurak ve Tuz Stresinin Erken Fide Gelişimi ve Antioksidan Aktivite Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışma, ülkemizde yetiştirilen 2 kavuzlu siyez (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum; AA; 2n=14) buğday populasyonu (Populasyon-1 ve Populasyon-2) ve 4 tescilli ekmeklik (Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD; 2n=42) buğday çeşidinde (Gerek-79, İkizce, Demir-2000 ve Gün-91) kurak ve tuz stresinin erken fide gelişimi ve antioksidan aktivite [toplam fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonoit içeriği ve 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) serbest radikal giderici etki] üzerine olan etkilerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 2 farklı tuz konsantrasyonu [0.0 (saf su) ve 50 mM NaCl) ve polietilen glikolle (PEG-600) oluşturulan 3 farklı osmotik basınç (0 MPa., -0.5 MPa. ve -1.0 MPa.) kullanılmıştır. Deneme başlangıcından 10 gün sonra çim uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, çim yaş ağırlığı, çim kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ağırlığı ve kök kuru ağırlığı ölçülmüştür. -1.0 MPa.’lık osmotik basınç altında bazı çeşitler çimlenmelerine karşın fide geliştirememişlerdir. Buğday çeşitleri arasında erken fide gelişim parametreleri ve antioksidan aktiviteleri bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Çim uzunluğu (15.01 ± 2.53 cm), kök uzunluğu (9.67 ± 1.75 cm), çim yaş (100.58 ± 22.47 mg) ve çim kuru (10.47 ± 2.46 mg) ağırlığı en fazla Demir-2000 buğday çeşidinin kontrol grubunda, en yüksek kök yaş (95.30 ± 15.94 mg) ve kök kuru (9.66 ± 1.6 mg) ağırlık Gün-91’in kontrol grubunda, en yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriği Gerek-79’un (31.23 ± 1.81 mg GAE/gr), en yüksek flavonoit madde içeriği ise Demir-2000’in (84.00 ± 6.01mg KE/gr) tuz stresi altındaki gruplarında belirlenmiştir. En iyi antioksidan aktivite, en düşük IC50 (13.98 ± 0.25 mg/L) değeriyle tuz stresi altındaki Demir-2000’de görülmüştür. Demir-2000’in tuz stresi altında çimlendirilmesiyle antioksidan aktivitesinin anlamlı bir şekilde artması, bu çeşidin tuz stresi altında antioksidan savunma mekanizmasını diğer buğday çeşitlerinden daha etkin kullandığı şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Buğday; kuraklık stresi; tuz stresi; Gerek-79; İkizce; Demir-2000; Gün-91

Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress on Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Hulled Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheats

This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought and salinity stress on early seedling growth and antioxidant activity [total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenger activity] of 2 hulled einkorn (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum; AA; 2n=14) populations (Pop-1 and Pop-2) and 4 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD; 2n=42) cultivars (cv. Gerek-79, İkizce, Demir-2000 ve Gün-91) grown in Turkey. Two different salt concentrations [0.0 (distilled water) and 50 mm NaCl) and 3 different osmotic pressures (0 MPa., -0.5 MPa. and -1.0MPa), which were created by polyethylene glycol (PEG-600) were used. After ten days, early seedling growth parameters such as shoot lenght, root lenght, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight were measured. Although some seeds germinated under -1.0 MPa. osmotic pressure, none of them reached early seedling growth. Statistically significant differences for early seedling growth parameters and antioxidant activities of wheats were recorded (p<0.05). The maximum shoot length (15.01 ± 2.53 cm), root length (9.67 ± 1.75 cm), shoot fresh weight (100.58 ± 22.47 mg), and shoot dry weight (10.47 ± 2.46 mg) were in the control grup of Demir-2000. The highest root fresh weight (95.30 ± 15.94 mg) and root dry weight (9.66 ± 1.6 mg) were in the control group of Gün-91. The highest total phenolic content (31.23 ± 1.81 mg GAE/gr) and total flavonoid (84.00 ± 6.01mg QE/gr) contents were in Gerek-79 and Demir-2000 under salt stress, respectively. When free radical scavenging antioxidant activities were compared, Demir-2000 had the lowest IC50 values (13.98 ± 0.25 mg/L)) under salt stress among all entries. The highest antioxidant activity of Demir-2000 under salt stress demonstrated that antioxidant defense of that was more effective than other available wheat cultivars

Keywords:

Wheat; drought stress; salt stress; Gerek-79; İkizce; Demir-2000; Gün-91,

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