Effects of Mobile Learning in Blended Learning Environments

Mobile learning readiness for promoting student attitude and knowledge construction is an emerging trend to integrate technology into educational settings. The successful implementation of mobile devices has the potential to enhance learning. In this sense, blended learning environments combining the strengths of traditional learning and the strengths of mobile learning can be considered as a promising trend. This paper aims to examine the effective integration of mobile learning into blended learning environments in order to determine the impacts of these learning environments on students’ learning acquisition, academic achievements and attitude. This literature review selected twenty-two peer-reviewed journal articles according to the pre-determined criteria (E. g., studies using a quantitative research design such as quasi-experimental and experimental, etc. or types of research designs such as mixed-method, case study, etc. including at least a quantitative aspect in their data collection procedure) and carefully analyzed these articles to extract reliable and meaningful information from them. The findings demonstrate that the integration of mobile technologies into a blended learning environment significantly influences students’ learning acquisition in a positive way although there are few empirical findings from the reviewed articles which highlight no significant effect on their learning acquisition. With regard to student attitude, students were satisfied and motivated to use mobile technologies in blended learning environments for academic purposes according to the majority of the reviewed articles.

___

  • ADL. (2014, June 20). Mobile learning handbook. Retrieved from ADL: https://sites.google.com/a/adlnet.gov/mobile-learning-guide/basics
  • Albrecht, U. V., Folta-Schoofs, K., Behrends, M., & Von Jan, U. (2013). Effects of mobile augmented reality learning compared to textbook learning on medical students: randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of medical Internet research, 15(8), e182.
  • Avci, H., & Adiguzel, T. (2017). A case study on mobile-blended collaborative learning in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(7). 45-58.
  • Barrett, N. E., & Liu, G. Z. (2019). Factors that influence the development and performance of academic oral presentations using a blended learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12376
  • Bonk, C., & Graham, C. (2006). The handbook of blended learning environment: Global perspectives, local designs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
  • Chen, J., & Hu, J. (2018). Enhancing L2 Learners' Critical Thinking Skills Through a Connectivism-Based Intelligent Learning System. International Journal Of English Linguistics, 8(6), 12-21.
  • Cheon, J., Lee, S., Crooks, S. M., & Song, J. (2012). An investigation of mobile learning readiness in higher education based on the theory of planned behavior. Computers & Education, 59(3), 1054–1064.
  • Chiu, C. K., Tseng, J. C., & Hsu, T. Y. (2017). Blended context-aware ubiquitous learning in museums: environment, navigation support and system development. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 21(2), 355-369.
  • Chou, A. Y., & Chou, D. C. (2011). Course management systems and blended learning: an innovative learning approach. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 9(3), 463-484. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4609.2011.00325.
  • ELI. (2010). 7 Things you should know about...Mobile apps for learning. Retrieved from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7060.pdfElias, T. (2011). Universal instructional design principles for mobile learning. The International Rev iew of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(2), 143-156.
  • Gough, D., Oliver, S., & Thomas, J. (2012). Introducing systematic reviews. In D. Gough, S. Oliver, & J. Thomas (Eds.). An introduction to systematic reviews (pp. 1–16). London: SAGE Publications.
  • Graham, C. (2006). Blended learning system: Definition, current trends, and future directions. In C. Bonk, & C. Graham, The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs (pp. 3-21). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
  • Graham, C. R., & Dziuban, C. (2008). Blended learning environments. In J. Spector, M. Merrill, J. Merrienboer, & M. Driscoll, Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (3rd ed.) (pp. 269–274). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Grassian, E., Botello, K., Phares, S., & Turnbow, D. (2005, 09 30). UCLA Information literacy program. Blended instruction course (BICo) task force report. Retrieved from UCLA Library: UCLA: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4123n3v4GSMA Development Fund. (2010). mLearning: A Platform for Educational Opportunities at the Base of the Pyramid. Development Fund. Retrieved from http://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/mlearningaplatformforeducationalopportunitiesatthebaseofthepyramid
  • Hijazi, S., Crowley, M., Smith, M. L., & Shaffer, C. (2006). Maximizing learning by teaching blended courses. ASCUE Conferance (pp. 67-73). South Caroline: Myrtle Beach.
  • Hou, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Lin, P. C., Sung, Y. T., Lin, J. W., & Chang, K. E. (2014). A blended mobile learning environment for museum learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(2), 207-218.
  • Hsu, T. Y., Liang, H., Chiou, C. K., & Tseng, J. C. (2018). CoboChild: a blended mobile game-based learning service for children in museum contexts. Data Technologies and Applications, 52(3), 294-312. Zhou, M., & Li, Z. (2019).
  • Jafarkhani, F., Jamebozorg, Z., & Brahman, M. (2017). Application of Social Networks to Support Students’ Language Learning Skills in a Blended Approach. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 7(10), 89-95.
  • Kim, K.-J., Bonk, C. J., & Oh, U. (2008). The present and future state of blended learning in workplace learning settings in the united states. Performance Improvement, 47(8), 5-16.
  • Lander, B. (2015). Lesson study at the foreign language university level in Japan: Blended learning, raising awareness of technology in the classroom. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 4(4), 362-382.
  • Lau, R. Y., Ip, R. K. F., Chan, M. T., Kwok, R. C. W., Wong, S. W., So, J. C., & Wong, E. Y. (2010). Podcasting: An internet-based social technology for blended learning. IEEE Internet Computing, 14(3), 33-41.
  • Marçal, E., Andrade, R., Viana, W., Junqueira, E., & Melo, R. (2016, April). Mobile phone text messaging to increase student participation: an experience in a blended course. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 239-245. ACM.
  • Ono, Y., Ishihara, M., & Yamashiro, M. (2015). Blended instruction utilizing mobile tools in english teaching at colleges of technology. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 192(2), 1-11.
  • Ortega-Rivas, A., Saorin, J. L., Torre, J. d., & Elsheikha, H. (2013). Touch-pad mobile devices for blended learning in immunology practicals. Medical Education, 47(5), 518-519.Osguthorpe, R. T., & Graham, C. R. (2003). Blended learning environments: definitions and directions. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 4(3), 227-233.
  • Ozdamli, F. (2013). Effectiveness of cloud systems and social networks in improving self-directed learning abilities and developing positive seamless learning perceptions. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 19(5), 602-618.
  • Pachler, N., Bachmair, B., Cook, J., & Kress, G. R. (2010). Mobile learning: structures, agency, practices . New York: Springer.
  • Pieri, M., & Diamantini, D. (2009). From e-learning to mobile learning: New opportunities. In M. Ally, Mobile Learning Transforming the Delivery of Education and Training (pp. 183-194). Edmonton: AU Press, Athabasca University.
  • Shen, R., Wang, M., Gao, W., Novak, D., & Tang, L. (2009). Mobile learning in a large blended computer science classroom: System function, pedagogies, and their impact on learning. IEEE Transactions on Education, 52(4), 538-546.
  • Shuler, C. (2009). Pockets of potential: Using mobile technologies to promote children’s learning. New York: The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop. Retrieved fromhttp://www.joanganzcooneycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/pockets_of_potential_1_.pdf.
  • Suana, W., Distrik, I. W., Herlina, K., Maharta, N., & Putri, N. M. A. A. (2019). Supporting Blended Learning Using Mobile Instant Messaging Application: Its Effectiveness and Limitations. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1011-1024.
  • Sulisworo, D., Rahayu, T., & Akhsan, R. N. (2016). The students’academic writing skill after implementing blended learning using facebook. Information Technologies and Learning Tools, 56(6), 176-191.
  • Sun, Z., Liu, R., Luo, L., Wu, M., & Shi, C. (2017). Exploring collaborative learning effect in blended learning environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 33(6), 575-587.
  • Tulinayo, F. P., Ssentume, P., & Najjuma, R. (2018). Digital technologies in resource constrained higher institutions of learning: a study on students’ acceptance and usability. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 36.
  • Ustun, A. B. (2011). Böte öğretim elemanlarının harmanlanmış öğrenme ortamlarında verilen dersler hakkındaki görüşleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Ustun, A. B. (2018). Moving toward blended learning: A multiple case design based research study in higher education (Doctoral dissertation). Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1973/.
  • Ustun, A. B., & Tracey, M. W. (2019). An effective way of designing blended learning: A three phase design-based research approach. Education and Information Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09999-9.
  • Wang, M., Shen, R., Novak, D., & Pan, X. (2009). The impact of mobile learning on students' learning behaviours and performance: Report from a large blended classroom. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(4), 673-695.
  • Yahya, F. F., Abas, H. A. F. I. Z. A., & Yussof, R. L. (2018). Integration of screencast video through QR Code: An effective learning material for m-Learning. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 1-13.
  • Yen, J. C., & Lee, C. Y. (2011). Exploring problem solving patterns and their impact on learning achievement in a blended learning environment. Computers & Education, 56(1), 138-145.
  • Zhou, M., & Li, Z. (2019). Blended mobile learning in theatre arts classrooms in higher education. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 56(3), 307-317.