MERKEZİYETÇİLİĞİN MERKEZİNDE ADEMİ – MERKEZİLEŞME: FRANSA’ DA BÖLGESEL POLİTİKALARIN GELİŞMESİ

Merkeziyetçi yönetimin anavatanı olan Fransa’da asli yönetim kademesi 1804 yılından beri ildir. II. Dünya savaşı esnasında ilüstü (bölge) kademesine duyulan ihtiyaç görülmüş olmasına rağmen savaş sonrasında refah devleti yönündeki uygulamalar bu yönde somut adımlar atılmasını engellemiştir. 1974 yılında AB’nin Avrupa Bölgesel Kalkınma Fonlarını ihdas etmesi içeride bölge yönündeki taleplere önemli bir ivme kazandırmıştır ve 1982 yılında iç ve dış şartların teşvik etmesi ile Fransa radikal sayılabilecek bir bölgesel reform ile seçilmiş meclisleri olan bölge kademesini idari sisteme dahil etmiştir. Hem bu reformla elde edilen olumlu sonuçlar hem de ulusaltı ve ulusüstü (AB) faktörlerin etkisiyle Fransa 2003 yılında yaptığı anayasa değişliği ile ademi merkeziyetçi cumhuriyet yönetim modelini kabul etmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fransa, Avrupa Birliği, merkeziyetçilik, ademi merkezileşme, bölge

THE CENTER THAT COULD NOT HOLD ALL: THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL POLICIES İN FRANCE

As the homeland of centralized unitary administration, in France the departments have been the prominent level of administration since 1804. During the II. World War, the need for region was generally accepted and even security regions inaugurated; nonetheless, the post-war welfare state policies hindered implementations in this direction. The establishment of the European Regional Development Funds in 1974 gave a new impetus for the development of region in France. As a result of both local demands and EU effect, in 1982, France initiated a radical reform in favor of regions including initiation of elected regional assemblies. The positive outcomes of the reform to overcome administrative defects paved the way for more radical developments which ended in constitutional amendment in 2003 which defines France as ‘decentralized republic’

Keywords:

France, European Union, centralization, decentralization, region,

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