AB’DE BİREYSEL HAKLAR VE LİZBON ANTLAŞMASI

21. yüzyılın en önemli küresel sorunlarından birisi -önemli oranda terörizm boyutuna varmış olan etnik sorunlardır. Küreselleşme sürecinin de etkisiyle, ayrılıkçılık ve kendi kaderini tayin hakkı söylemlerinden, özerk yönetim ve bağımsızlığa kadar geniş bir yelpazede “grup hakları” olarak değerlendirilebilecek talepler gündeme gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği (AB) pratiği üzerinden grup hakkı – bireysel hak tartışmalarının etnik sorunların çözümüne katkısı ve demokrasi teorisine uygunluğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, AB’deki bu tartışmalara ilişkin belirsiz tutumun terk edilerek 2000’li yıllardan itibaren bireysel hak yaklaşımının ağırlık kazanmaya başladığı ve son olarak 2009 tarihli Lizbon Antlaşması ile bireysel hak yönünde açık ve güçlü bir tercih yaptığı görülmektedir.

AB’de Bireysel Haklar ve Lizbon Antlaşması

Ethnic problems, the majority of which have already reached to the level of exacting terrorism, are one of the most important global problems in the 21st century. With the effect of the globalization process, some demands which can be considered as group rights (such as secessionism, self-determination, self-governance and even independence) are coming into question. In this essay, the contribution of the debate between group rights and individual rights to the ethnic problems is being discussed on the EU practices as an example. The EU, which has started to abandon an unclear approach for last decade, has clearly preferred the individual rights approach with its implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon that entered into force in 2009.

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