Ortaçağ Anadolu'sunda Kadın Bânîler ve Mahperî Hâtun’un Kayseri’deki Manzûme Hakkında Bir Tartışma

Bu makale XIII. ve erken XIV. yüzyılı Anadolu’sunda kadın bânîlerin rollerini üzerine olup, incelememizin merkezinde Selçuklu Sultanı Alaeddin Keykubad’ın (saltanatı 1220-37) eși ve II. Giyaseddin Keyhüsrev’in (saltanatı 1237-46) annesi olan Mahperi Hatun bulunmaktadır.Oğlunun saltanat yıllarında oldukça aktif bir bânî olan Mahperi Hatun, bu dönemde Kayseri’deki 1238'de tamamlanan Huand Hatun Külliyesinin yanında, birçok kervansaray inșâ ettirmiștir. Aynen Osmanlı vâlide sultanları gibi, ancak eși Alaeddin Keykubad ölünce bir vâlide sultan olarak aktif bir bânî olan, Mahperi Hatun, inșa ettirdiği binaların kitabelerinde ve kendisinin Huand Hâtun külliyesinde yer alan türbesindeki mezar kitabesinde, kendini dindâr bir Müslüman olarak takdim etmiștir. Bu makale, kitabelerden yola çıkarak, Mahperi Hatun ile Selçuklu ve İlhanlı döneminın diğer kadın bânîlerini karșılaștırmaktadır. Bu șekilde, dönemin tarihlerinde ve menkıbelerinde göz ardı edilen Selçuklu ve İlhanlı dönemi saray kadınlarının hayatına ıșık tutan bu kitabelerin önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Women Patrons in Medieval Anatolia And a Discussion of Māhbarī Khātūn’s Mosque Complex in Kayseri

This article traces the role of female patrons of architecture in thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century Anatolia. At the center stands Māhbarī Khātūn, the mother of the Seljuk Sultan Ghiyāth al-Dīn Kaykhusraw II (R 1237-46). During the rule of her son, Māhbarī Khātūn was active as a patron of architecture, building most notably the Huand Hatun complex in Kayseri in 1238, and several caravanserais. The foundation inscriptions of these monuments, and the funerary inscription on Māhbarī Khātūn’s cenotaph in the Huand Hatun mausoleum present the founder both as the mother of the sultan, and as a pious Muslim woman. The insistence on Māhbarī Khātūn’s position as the sultan’s mother points to her activity in a later stage of life, after the dead of her husband, ‘Alā’ al-Dīn Kayqubād (R 1220-37), when her status was akin to that of the valide sultan in later Ottoman practice. This article compares Māhbarī Khātūn to other known female patrons, active in Anatolia during Seljuk and Ilkhanid rule, who are mostly recorded in their foundation inscriptions. Thus, the importance of these inscriptions as sources to trace patrons who are marginal in the chronicles and hagiographies of the time, as is the case for female members of the Seljuk court, clearly emerges.

Keywords:

‘Alā’ al-Dīn Kayqubād, Ghiyāth al-Dīn Kaykhusraw II, Māhbarī Khātūn, Women Patrons, Huand Hatun complex, Seljuk Ilkhanid,

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