Kalipso, Tanrıçalar Arasında Bir İlahi Varlık: Homeros'tan Star Trek'e Alegorizasyonu, Sembolizasyonu ve Alımlanışı

ÖZET Homeros'un Odysseia'sına göre Odysseus'un Truva Savaşı'ndan eve dönmesi on yıl sürmüş, ancak bunun yedi gününü güzel bir adada, kendisi kadar güzel bir tanrıçanın refakatinde geçirmiştir. Kalypso -tanrıçalar arasında bir ilahi varlık (Homeros tarafından defalarca dile getirildiği gibi)-, yalnızca Odysseus'u büyülemekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda milyonlarca okuyucunun ilgisini çekerek akademisyenlere, yazarlara ve sanatçılara ilham vermiştir. Bu makale, alımlama ve yeniden yorumlama çalışmalarıyla geçen 2700 yıllık akademik maratondan hareketle Kalipso'nun Odysseus’a misafirperverliğini ve -başarısız olsa da- ölümsüzlüğü sunuşundan bu yana geçirdiği dönüşümlerin izini sürmektedir. Makalede Tanrıça Kalypso'nun (geniş anlamda tanımlanmış) kültürel önemi, Odysseia'da ilk ortaya çıkışıyla başlayıp yirminci yüzyıldan alımlama örneklerinin bir seçkisiyle sona ererek tartışılmaktadır. İlk olarak, Kalypso'nun Odysseia'deki rolü ve işlevi, adının ve ona atanan lakapların analiziyle birlikte tartışılmıştır. Daha sonra, Kalypso'nun alımlanmasının üç ana yönü ele alınmaktadır: bilimdeki alegorik ve sembolik yorumlar, görsel tasvirler ve popüler alımlama. Alegorik ve sembolik okumaların tüm bu alanlarda önemli bir rol oynadığı ve birçoğunun Odysseia'dan kaynaklanan hermenötik meydan okumalar ve metinsel boşluklardan kaynaklandığı gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kalypso, Homeros, Odysseia, alegorizasyon, sembolizasyon, alımlama

Kalypso, the Divine Among the Goddesses: Allegorisation, Symbolisation and Reception from Homer to Star Trek

According to Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus takes ten years to return home from the Trojan War, yet seven of these he spends on a beautiful island in the company of an equally beautiful goddess. Not only did Kalypso, “the divine among the goddesses” (as she is repeatedly called by Homer), enchant Odysseus, she has also intrigued millions of readers and inspired scholars, writers and artists. In a tour de force through 2700 years of scholarship, reception and reworkings, this article traces, by way of example, the different paths that Kalypso has taken ever since she offered Odysseus hospitality and – albeit unsuccessfully – immortality. The cultural significance (broadly defined) of the goddess Kalypso is discussed, beginning with her first appearance in the Odyssey and ending with a selection of examples of reception from the twentieth century. First, Kalypso’s role and function in the Odyssey is discussed, along with an analysis of her name and the epithets assigned to her. Thereafter, three major aspects of Kalypso’s reception are considered: allegorical and symbolic interpretations in scholarship, visual depictions, and popular reception. It is demonstrated that allegorical and symbolic readings play an important role in all these areas and that many of them are rooted in hermeneutic challenges and textual gaps that stem from the Odyssey.

Keywords:

Kalypso, Homer, Odyssey, allegorisation, symbolisation, reception,

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