Dilek AYDIN, Özlem KUTLUAN, Ü. Deniz ÇAKIR, Fatma ÜNAL

Orta Yaş Üzeri Yetişkinlerin COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Yaşamlarındaki Değişiklikler Ve Eğitim İhtiyaçları

Tarih boyunca ortaya çıkan çeşitli salgın hastalıklar insanlık için sorunlar oluşturarak toplumları sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik olarak etkilemiştir. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Wuhan şehrinde, 2019 yılının aralık ayının sonlarına doğru ortaya çıkan ve halen devam etmekte olan COVID-19 salgını da tüm dünyada milyonlarca insanın enfekte olmasına ve çok sayıda kişinin yaşamını kaybetmesine neden oldu. İçinde bulunduğumuz salgın sürecinden hareketle; bu araştırmanın amacı, orta yaş üzeri yetişkinlerin COVİD-19 pandemisi sürecinde yaşamlarındaki değişiklikleri ve eğitim ihtiyaçlarını belirleyebilmektir. Nitel araştırma desenine göre hazırlanan bu durum çalışmasında, Türkiye genelinde farklı sosyo-ekonomik bölgelerde yaşayan, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü 19 kişiyle görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen demografik bilgi formu, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve metin tamamlama formu ile toplanan veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; bazı değerlerin farkına varıldığı; olumsuz psikolojik ve ekonomik etkilerin oluştuğu; hijyen, beslenme ve sosyal yaşam davranışlarında farklılıkların ortaya çıktığı; katılımcıların genel sağlık, COVID-19 pandemisi ve hastalıktan korunma yolları hakkında eğitim almak istedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır.

Changes in the Lives of Middle-Aged Adults and Their Educational Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Throughout history, various epidemics have affected societies socially, economically, and psychologically by causing problems for humanity. COVID-19 epidemic, which started in Wuhan, China late in December, 2019 and has caused and continues to cause, millions of people in the world to get infected and a significant number of people to lose their lives. Considering the pandemic process that we are experiencing, this study aims to identify changes in the lives of middle-aged adults and their educational needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, 19 individuals who live in different socio-economic regions of Turkey participated in the study, based on qualitative research design, voluntarily, were interviewed. The data collected through a demographic information form, a semi-structured interview form, and a story completion form developed by the researchers were analyzed through content analysis. As a result of the study, it was revealed that negative psychological and economic impacts emerged; observed differences in hygiene, diet, and social life behaviors; and participants wanted to receive education on public health, COVID-19 pandemic, and information technologies.

PDF

___

Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs (Covıd-19) salgını ve turizm faaliyetlerine etkisi [New coronavirus (Covid- 19) pandemic and its effect on tourism activities]. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(1), 7-2.
Akbaş, O. & Özdemir, S. M. (2002). Avrupa Birliğinde yaşam boyu öğrenme [Lifelong learning in the European Union]. MEB Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 155-156. http://dhgm.meb.gov.tr/yayimlar/dergiler/Milli_Egitim_Dergisi/155-156/akbas.htm
Alpago, H. & Oduncu Alpago, D. (2020). Koronavirüs salgınının sosyoekonomik sonuçları [Socioeconomic consequences of coronavirus]. IBAD Journal of Social Sciences, (8), 99-114.
Altin, Z. (2020). Covıd-19 pandemisinde yaşlılar [Elderly people in Covid-19 outbreak]. Journal of Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, 30 (Additional Issue), 49-57.
Aragonési, J. I. & Sevillano, M. (2020). An environmental psychology perspective on the confinement caused by COVID-19 (Un enfoque psicoambiental del confinamiento a causa del COVID-19), International Journal of Social Psychology, 35 (3), 656-663. doi: 10.1080/02134748.2020.1795398
Aslan, R. (2020). Epidemic Diseases in history and today and COVID-19. Detail Journal, 8(85), 35-41.
Aslan, R. (2020). Kovid-19 fizyoloji ve psikolojiyi nasıl etkiliyor? [How does Covid-19 affect physiology and psychology?]. Detail Journal, 8(88), 47-53.
Atalan, A. (2020). Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 56, 38-42.
Baltaci, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme [A conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research]. Journal of Bitlis Eren University Institute of Social Sciences, 7(1).
Batan, S.N. (2016). Yetişkinlerde psikolojik dayanıklılık ve dini başa çıkmanın yaşam doyumuna etkileri [The effects of psychological endurance and religious coping on satisfaction with life]. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Philosophy and Religion Science, Istanbul.
BBC News Turkey (4 October 2020). 4 October coronavirus table: What is the current situation and number of patients in Turkey? Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-51576487
Bilgic Ulun, A. (2020). Covid-19 salgınının küresel düzeyde incelenmesi: Ekonomik etkiler ve vergisel önlemler [A Global-level Investigation of Coronavirus pandemic: Economic effects and taxative measures]. Journal of Economy, Business and Finance Research, 2(2), 89-102.
BirGun Newspaper. (2020). Jail demand for the worker who continued working in the wedding venue even though he was a COVID-19 patient. Retrieved from: https://www.birgun.net/haber/COVID-19-oldugunu-bile- bile-calismaya-devam-eden-dugun-salonu-calisanina-hapis-talebi-316384
Budak, F. & Korkmaz, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecine yönelik genel bir değerlendirme: Türkiye örneği [An overall evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic: Sample of Turkey]. Social Scientific Centered Issues, (1), 62-79.
Buyukozturk, S., Kilic, C. E., Akgun, O. E., Karadeniz, S. & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Pegem Academy.
Cinel, E. A. (2020), Covid-19’un küresel makroekonomik etkileri ve beklentiler [The global macroeconomic impacts of Covid-19 and expectations]. Political Economic Theory, 4(1), 124-140.
Cingöz, I. (2020). New world order after the pandemic. Retrieved from: https://www.gencdiplomatlar.com/misafir-yazarlar/salgin-sonrasi-yeni-dunya-duzeni-ismail-cingoz.html
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni nitel nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları (4. bs) [Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approachs] (Çev. S. B. Demir). Egiten Kitap Yayincilik.
Da Silva, F. C. T. & Neto, M. L. R. (2020). Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110062
Elo, S. & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62, 107– 115.
Gierueld J. D. J., Tilburg T. V., Dvkstra P. A., (2006). Loneliness and social isolation. The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships. 485-500.
Göçmenler, G., Sönmez, G. & Oktay, M. Z. (2020). İzleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu-2020 [Monitoring and Evaluation Report-2020]. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü İzleme ve Değerlendirme Daire Başkanlığı. Retrieved from: https://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2021_08/05112450_2020-RAPOR-2020_rp_duzeltme- 2.8.2021-yayYnlanan.pdf
Goka, E. (2020). A prosthesis addition to our psychology and new normal. M. Seker, A. Ozer & C. Korkut (Ed.). Reflections on the pandemic in the future of the world (s. 728-749) inside Turkish Academy of Sciences.
Gong, J. (2020). Çin’in Yeni Koronavirüs zatürresine karşı savaşı: mücadeleler, sonuçlar ve yansımalar [China’s novel coronavirus pneumonia battle: Responses, results, and reflections]. BRIQ, 1(2), 91-102.
Guner, G. & Bener, B. (2011). Kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri çerçevesinde aile içi yaşamı algılama biçimleri [Perception of family life within the framework of female gender roles]. Journal of Turkish Social Research, 15 (3).
Haberler. (2020). Istanbul residents pay attention to mask rule on public transport. Retrieved from: https://www.haberler.com/istanbullular-toplu-tasimalarda-maske-kuralina-13091772-haberi/
Hammond, C. (2004). Impacts of lifelong learning upon emotional resilience, psychological and mental health: Fieldwork evidence. Oxford Review of Education, 30(4), 551-568. doi: 10.1080/0305498042000303008
Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü. (2022). Yaygın eğitim kurs programları [Non-formal education course programs]. Retrieved from: https://e-yaygin.meb.gov.tr/pagePrograms.aspx
Hizli Sayar, G., Unubol, H. & Tarhan, N. (2020). COVID-19 fears-anxieties-maturation: Final research report for Turkey 2020. Uskudar University Publications. Retrieved from: https://uuyayinlari.com/uploads/content/files/covid-19-korkular-kaygilar-olgunlasma-turkiye-arastirmasi- sonuc-raporu-2020-55.pdf
Iletmis, T. & Arpaci, F. (2017). 45-59 yaş grubu bireylerin yaşlılık dönemlerine ilişkin beklentilerini belirleyen ilişkiler [The relations determining the expectations regarding the old age period of individuals in 45 – 59 age group]. Journal of Research in Education and Society/JRES, 4(1), 49-62.
Imamoglu, O. (1993). Değişen dünyada değişen aile içi roller [Changing domestic roles in the changing world]. Journal of Women’s Studies, 1, 58-68.
Karatas, M. (2020). Covd-19 salgınının çok boyutlu sosyolojisi ve yeni normal meselesi [Multidimensional sociology of Covid-19 pandemic and the new normal]. Istanbul University Journal of Sociology, 40 (1), 541-573.
Kelly, B. D. (2020). Coronavirus disease: challenges for psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry, 217(1), 352-353. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.86
Knowles, M. (1996). Yetişkin öğrenenler, göz ardı edilen bir kesim [The adult learner: A neglegted species]. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
Koc, M., Tas, S., Ozkan, H. H. & Yilmaz, E. (2009). Türkiye’de yetişkin ve yaşam boyu eğitimine yönelik lisans programı önerisi. [Undergraduate program proposal for adult education and lifelong learning in Turkey]. I. International Congress of Educational Research, 1-3 May, Canakkale.
Liu, Q., Zhao G., Ji, B., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Mou, Q. & Shi, T. (2020). Analysis of the influence of the psychology changes of fear induced by the COVID-19 epidemic on the body: COVID-19. World Journal of Acupuncture – Moxibustion, 30(2), 85-89. doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.005
Malesza, M. & Kaczmarek, M. C. (2020). Predictors of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Personality and Individual Differences, 170. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110419
Mehra, A., Sahoo, S., Suri, V., Malhotra, P., Yaddanapudi, N., Puri, G. D., & Grover, S. (2020). Why involvement of mental health professionals and screening for past mental illness is important in persons with COVID- 19 infection: A case report. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102294
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2020). Supporting the fight against coronavirus with 7 million masks. Retrieved from: https://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/www/koronavirus-mucadelesine-7-milyon-maskeyle-destek/icerik/1078
Moya, M. & Willis, G. B. (2020). Social Psychology and COVID-19: Monographic issue of the International Journal of Social Psychology. International Journal of Social Psychology, 3(35), 590-599. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2020.1786792
Ozdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma [Qualitative data analysis: A study on methodology problem in social sciences]. Eskisehir Osmangazi University Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1).
Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710. doi:10.2307/1388152
Police Academy Report, Police Academy (2020). Psychological and sociological evaluations for COVID-19 pandemic and afterwards. Retrieved from: http://www.pa.edu.tr/Upload/editor/files/Covid_Sonras%C4%B1_Psik_Sos_Degerlendirmeler.pdf
Rowe, J. W. & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful Aging. Pantheon Books.
Samsun Halk Eğitim Merkezi (SAMSUNHEM). (2020). Applications for motivation courses during the pandemic period. Retrieved from: https://samsunhem.meb.k12.tr/icerikler/pandemi-doneminde-motivasyon-kurslari- basvurulari_9947057.html
Sit, A., Telek, C. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisinin altın ons fiyatı ve dolar endeksi üzerine etkileri [The effects of Covid-19 pandemic on gold ounce prices and dollar index]. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, Special Edition, 1-13
Sozcu Newspaper. (2020). The halay in the wedding cost the earth. Retrieved from: https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/dugunde-cekilen-halay-pahaliya-patladi-6036608/
Sozcu Newspaper. (2020). The number of cases is increasing but no one is wearing a mask. Retrieved from: https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/vakalar-artiyor-ama-maske-takan-yok-6035760/
Sputnik News. (2020). 2 weddings violating coronavirus precautions were cancelled. Retrieved from: https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/202008021042576836-koronavirus-tedbirlerine-uymayan-2-dugun- iptal-edildi/
Sutluoglu, T. (2020). Orta yaş ve üzerindeki bireylerde dijital eşitsizliğin görünümleri: erişim eşitsizlikleri ve kullanım farklılıkları [Aspects of digital inequality in middle-aged and older: access inequalities and use differentials.]. M. Fiğan and Y. Dede Ozdemir (Ed.). Dijital kültür, dijital eşitsizlikler ve yaşlanma içinde [In Digital culture, digital inequalities and aging] (s. 215-246). Alternatif Bilisim Dernegi.
Tarhan, N. (2020). Human relations in the post-pandemic period-new truths in the new normal. In M. Seker, A. Ozer & C. Korkut (Ed.). Reflections on the pandemic in the future of the world (p. 700-725). Turkish Academy of Sciences.
Taylor, B. (2020). A timeline of the Coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html
TRT News (2020). The first coronavirus case was reported in Turkey. Retrieved from: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/turkiyede-ilk-koronavirus-vakasi-tespit-edildi-466216.html
Turan, P. (2015). Nitel araştırma yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşımları [Qualitative research methods, techniques, analyses and approaches]. Ani Publishing.
Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2020). Total number of visitors visiting our country during 2020 January-September period. Retrieved from: https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/78391,turizmistatistikleri2020- 3-ceyrekpdf.pdf?0
Turkish Statistical Institute. (2020). Tourism statistics, 3rd quarter: July-September, 2020. Retrieved from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turizm-Istatistikleri-III.-Ceyrek:-Temmuz---Eylul,-2020-33674
Ulutas, U. (2020). Global trends after coronavirus. In U. Ulutas (Ed.), Global system after COVID-19: Old problems, new trends (p.10-19). SAM Publications.
USA Today (2020). World struggles to stop spread of coronavirus. USA Today. Retrieved from: https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/news/world/2020/03/16/world-struggles-stop-spread- coronavirus-COVID-19/5059005002/
Ustun, C. & Ozcı̇ftcı̇, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin sosyal yaşam ve etik düzlem üzerine etkileri: Bir değerlendirme çalışması [The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on social life and ethical plane: An evaluation study]. Anatolian Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences, (25), 142-153.
Uzunova, G., Pallanti, S. & Hollander, E. (2020). Presentation and management of anxiety in individuals with acute symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and in the postCOVID-19 recovery phase. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 25 (2), 115-131. doi: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1887264
Varıslı, B. & Gultekin, T. (2020). Yaşlı ayrımcılığının pandemi hali: COVID-19 sürecinde kuşaklararası etkileşimin dönüşümü [Pandemic state of ageism: Transformation of intergenerational interaction during COVID-19 pandemic]. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1227-1237.
WHO (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report – 75. World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200404-sitrep-75- COVID-19.pdf?sfvrsn=99251b2b_2
WHO (2020). Weekly Operational Update on COVID-19. World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/weekly-updates/wou-25-september-2020-for- cleared.pdf?sfvrsn=f44d4537_2
WHO (2020). WHO timeline - COVID-19. World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---COVID-19
WHO, (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 72. World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200401-sitrep-72-covid- 19.
Worldometers (2020). COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Zhao, P., Liu, H., Zhu, L., Tai, Y., Bai, C., Gao, T., Song, J., Xia, P., Dong, J., Zhao, J., Wang, F. (2020). Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8, 420-422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
Yildirim, A., & Simsek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (6. bs) [Qualitative research methods in social sciences (6th Edition)]. Seckin Publishing.
Yildirim, S. (2020). Salgınların sosyal-psikolojik görünümü: Covid-19 (Koronavirüs) pandemi örneği [Social- psychological view of the epidemics: Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic case]. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1331- 1351. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43585