Aklanan Suç Gelirlerinin Ekonomik Boyutu ve Aklama ile Mücadelede Önleyici Tedbirlerin Finansal Gelişim Düzeyi Üzerindeki Etkileri Konulu Yatay Kesit Veri Analizi

Literatürde sıkça yer bulan aklama tanımları ve yöntemlerinden de anlaşılacağı üzere finansal piyasalar suç gelirlerinin aklanması bağlamında tehdit altındadırlar. Bu tehdidi hafifletmek, finansal piyasaların suiistimal edilmesini önlemek ve ayrıca suçluları ve suç gelirini tespit etmek amacıyla önleyici tedbirlerin uygulanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Önleyici tedbirlerin etkili bir şekilde uygulanması finansal piyasaların ve dolayısıyla ekonominin istikrarlı bir şekilde büyümesi için de gereklidir. Çalışma sonuçları çerçevesinde etkili bir şekilde uygulanan önleyici tedbirlerin finansal gelişim düzeyini artırdığı saptanmıştır.

The Economic Volume of The Laundered Proceeds and The Cross Country Analysis On The Effects of Preventive Measures of Anti Money Laundering To The Level of Financial Development.

As understood from the literature on definition and methods of money laundering, financial markets are under the threat of laundering proceeds of crime. It is essential to implement preventive measures for the purposes of mitigating this threat, preventing the abuse of financial markets and detecting criminals and illicit proceeds. Implementing those preventive measures are vital in the steady growth of financial markets and the economy. In the framework of the results of this paper, it is found that effectively implemented preventive measures increase financial development.

___

  • AFI (2015). “SSBs Recognizing Need to Balance Financial Integrity Against Financial Inclusion” Press Release of The Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI), 22 Şubat 2015 tarihinde http://www.afiglobal.org/news/2015/1/30/ssbs-recognizing-need-balance-financial-integrity-against-financialinclusion adresinden erişildi).
  • Agrawal, J.D., Agrawal, Aman. (2006). Money Laundering: New Forms of Crime, Victimization (Current Trends and Modus Operandi), Presentation at the National Workshop on New Forms of Crime Crime, Victimization, with Reference to Money Laundering. Indian Society of Victimology, Department of Criminology, University of Madras, India.
  • Alldridge, P. (2008). Money Laundering and Globalization, Journal of Law and Society 35 (4).
  • Altintaş, M.A. (2006), Bankacılıkta Risk Yönetimi ve Sermaye Yeterliliği (5411 Sayılı Bankacılık Kanunu, Basel-I ve Basel -II Düzenlemeleri Çerçevesinde), Ankara: Turhan.
  • Ardizzi, G.., Petraglia, C., Piacenza, M., Schneider, F. ve Turati, G (2014). Money Laundering as a Crime in the Financial Sector: A New Approach to Quantitative Assessment with an Application to Italy, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46 (8).
  • Argentiero, A., Bagella, M. ve Busato, F. (2008). Money Laundering in a Two Sector Model: Using Theory for Measurement, Centre for Economic and International Studies (CEIS) Tor Vergata, Research Paper Series, 6 (8),128.
  • Aykın, H. (2008). "Aklama ile Mücadele Sisteminde Önleyici Tedbirler", AYDIN, S (Yay. Haz.) Karapara Aklama ve Terörizmin Finansmanı içinde (ss.3-54), Ankara: Adalet Baker, W. R. (2005). Capitalism's Achilles Heel, Dirty Money and How To Renew the Free Market System, Wiley, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New Jersey.
  • Bank for International Settlements (1998). “Prevention of Criminal Use of The Banking System For The Purpose Of Money-Laundering”, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 12 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbsc137.pdf?noframes=1 adresinden erişildi.
  • Bank for International Settlements (2001). “Customer Due Diligence for Banks: Final Document”, 12 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs85.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Bank for International Settlements (2012). “Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision”, 10 Aralık 2012 tarihinde http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs230.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Bartlett, B. L. (2002). The Negative Effects of Money Laundering on Economic Development, Economic Research Report for The Asian Development Bank, Regional Technical Assistance Project No 5967 on Countering Money Laundering in The Asian and Pacific Region, May.
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç Kunt, A. ve Levine, R. (2009). Financial Institutions and Markets Across Countries and Over Time, Data and Analysis, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4943.
  • Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (2003). Money Laundering and Financial Crimes, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, II, US Department of State. Buscemi, A. ve Yallwe, A. H. (2011), Money Laundry and Financial Development, 32458, 1-26.
  • Dünya Bankası (2014). Global Financial Development Report: Financial Inclusion, Washington D.C.
  • Financial Action Task Force (1997). 1996-1997 Report on Money Laundering Typologies, FATF Secretariat, Paris, February.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2006a). Trade Based Money Laundering, FATF Secretariat, Paris, June.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2006b). The Misuse of Corporate Vehicles, Including Trust and Company Service Providers, FATF Secretariat, Paris, October.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2007). Money Laundering & Terrorist Financing through the Real Estate Sector, FATF Secretariat, Paris, June.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2008). Best Practices on Trade Based Money Laundering, Best Practice Paper, FATF Secretariat, Paris, June.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2010). International Best Practices on Detecting and Preventing the Illicit Cross-Border Transportation of Cash and Bearer Negotiable Instruments, FATF Guidance Document, FATF Secretariat, Paris, June.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2011). Laundering the Proceeds of Corruption, FATF Report, FATF Secretariat, Paris, July.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2012). International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation, The FATF Recommendations, FATF Secretariat, Paris.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2013a). The Role of Hawala and Other Similar Service Providers in Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing, FATF Report, FATF Secretariat, Paris October.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2013b). Anti- Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Measures and Financial Inclusion, FATF Guidance, February.
  • Financial Action Task Force (2014). Virtual Currencies, Key Definitions and Potential AML/CFT Risks, FATF Report, FATF Secretariat, Paris, June.
  • Fiorentini, G. (1997). Oligopolistic Competition in Illegal Markets, Fiorentini, G. ve Peltzman, S. (Yay.
  • Haz.). The Economics of Organized Crime, Centre for Economic Research Policy, Cambridge University Press, 274-291
  • Fiorentini, G., Peltzman, S. (1997). The Economics of Organized Crime, Centre for Economic Research Policy, Cambridge University Press, First Paperback Edition.
  • Fitzgerald, V. (2006), Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Critical View, United Nations Development Policy and Analysis Division, Background Paper for World Economic and Social Survey.
  • Gökçe, S. (2010). Uluslararası Sözleşmelerler ve Bazı Ülke Düzenlemeleriyle Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Suçtan Kaynaklanan Malvarlığı Değerlerini Aklama Suçu, MASAK Yayınları.
  • International Monetary Fund (2001). Financial System Abuse, Financial Crime and Money Laundering, Monetary and Exchange Affairs and Policy Development and Review Departments’ Background Paper.
  • International Monetary Fund (2011). Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Report on the Review of the Effectiveness of Program, Legal Department.
  • Kar, D. ve Curcio, K. (2011). Illicit Financial Flows From Developing Countries: 2000-2009, Global Financial Integrity Report Update With a Focus on Asia.
  • Karaal, H. (2009). Suç Gelirlerinin Aklanması ve Terörün Finansmanı İle Mücadelede Bildirimler, 15, MASAK Yayınları, Keh, D. I. (1996). “Drug Money In A Changing World: Economic Reform And Criminal Finance”, UNODC Technical Series No 4, 10 Ekim 2014 tarihinde https://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1996-01-01_2.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Khurana, I. K., Martin, X. ve Pereira, R. (2006). Financial Development and the Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge: University Press 41 (4), 787-807.
  • Kurdle, R. T. (2009). Did Blacklisting Hurt the Tax Havens?, Journal of Money Laundering Control, 12 (1), 33-49.
  • Levine, R. (1997). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda, Journal of Economic Literature, XXXV (June 1997), 688-726.
  • Masciandaro, D. (2007). Economics: The Demand Side, Masciandaro, D., Takats, E. ve, Unger, B. (Yay. Haz.) Black Finance, The Economics of Money Laundering, Edward Elgar, içinde (ss.1-26), Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA.
  • Melvin, R. J. S. (2014). A Critical Approach to Trade Based Money Laundering, Journal of Money Laundering Control, 17 (2), 230-242.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2001). Behind the Corporate Veil, Using Corporate Entities For Illicit Purposes, OECD Steering Group on Corporate Governance, Paris.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2013). Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2014). Illicit Financial Flows From Developing Countries: Measuring OECD Responses, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Perez, M. F., Brada J. C. ve Drabek, Z. (2012). Illicit Money Flows as Motives for FDI, Journal of Comparative Economics, 40, 108-126.
  • Quirk, P. J. (1996). Macroeconomic Implications of Money Laundering, IMF Working Paper 96/66.
  • Reuter, P. ve Truman, E. M. (2004). Chasing Dirty Money– The Fight Against Money Laundering, Peterson Institute For International Economics, November, Washington D.C.
  • Robinson, J. (1998). The Laundrymen: Inside Money Laundering, the World's Third Largest Business, Simon &Schuster Ltd,,Rev. Ed. London and New York.
  • Schneider, F. (2010). Turnover of Organized Crime and Money Laundering, Some Preliminary Empirical Findings, Public Choice.144, 473-486.
  • Shen, C. H. ve Lee, C. C. (2006). Same Financial Development Yet Different Economic Growth: Why? Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 38 (7).
  • Stancu, I. ve Rece, D. (2009). The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Money Laundering - A Linear Regression Model, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 09(538), 09(538), 3-8.
  • Stulz, R. M. ve Williamson, R. (2003). Culture, Openness and Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, 70 (2003), 313-349.
  • Tanzi, V. (2000). Money Laundering and the International Financial System, Policies, Institutions and the Dark Side of Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham.
  • Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the World Economy: Suggestions for and International Economic Policy, New York: The Twentieth Century Fund.
  • Unger, B. (2007). The Scale and Impacts of Money Laundering, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham.
  • United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (2011). Estimating Illicit Financial Flows Resulting From Drug Trafficking and Other Transnational Organized Crimes, Vienne.
  • Walker, J. (1995). Estimates of the Extent of Money Laundering in and through Australia, Prepared for the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, John Walker Consulting Services.
  • Walker, J. (1998). Just How Big is Global Money Laundering, Interim Report to the FATF Ad Hoc Group on Estimating the Magnitude of Money Laundering, 4 March 1998, Paris.
  • Walker, J. (2004). The Extent of Money Laundering in and Through Australia in 2004, Prepared by Austrac, John Walker Crime Trends Analysis and RMIT University.
  • Willebois, E., Halter. E., Harrison, R., Park, J.W. ve Scharman, J.C. (2011). The Puppet Masters, How the Corrupt Use Legal Structures to Hide Stolen Assets and What to Do About It? StAR Initiative.
  • Yepes, C. V. (2011). Compliance with the AML/CFT International Standards: Lessons From a Cross Country Analysis, IMF Working Paper 11/177.
  • Yurdakul, M.O. (2013). Uluslararası Sözleşmeler ve Avrupa Birliği Hukuku Çerçevesinde Suç Kaynaklı Malvarlıklarının Geri Alınması, Ülke Uygulamaları ve Türkiye İle Mukayese, MASAK Yayınları.