BAĞCILIKTA TERROİR UNSURLARI
Terroir dilimizde tek bir kelime ile açıklayamadığımız bir kelimedir. Ancak kaliteli bir üzüm ve bundanyapılacak olan şarabın oluşturulması için gereken iklim–toprak–asma üçlüsü ile bunlara ilave edilenkültürel işlemler ve şarap bilimi katılımı olarak tanımlanabilir. Terroir kavramı; çevresel faktörler (coğrafikonum, topografik yapı, vb.), toprak özellikleri (toprak reaksiyonu, pH, vb.), iklim faktörleri (iklimselgöstergeler, sıcaklık, rüzgâr, vb.), kültürel işlemler (dikim sıklığı, sulama, budama, vb.) ve asma–üzümilişkileri (terbiye sistemi, toplam ve güneş gören yaprak alanı, vb.) olmak üzere beş ana başlık altındaincelenmektedir. Bu derlemede, terroir kavramı içinde yer alan tüm faktörler kapsamlı olarak incelemiş vekaliteli üzüm üretimine yönelik gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara ön bilgi vermek amacıyla sunulmuştu
TERROIR ELEMENTS IN VITICULTURE
This term was not explain by only word in Turkish language. However, this word describe the harvest of qualified grape and making good wine for this grape about climate–soil–grapevine and addition to these factors cultural practices and oenology. Terroir term included five main topics; environmental factors (geographical site, topographical structure, etc.), soil characteristics (soil reaction, pH, etc.), climate factors (climatic indices, temperature, wind, etc.), cultural practices (planting density, irrigation, pruning, etc.) and grapevine–grape relations (trellising systems, total and exposed leaf area, etc.). All factors which are play a part in terroir is examined extensively in this review, and briefing for quality grape production in next researches.
___
- Ağaoğlu, S., 2002. Bilimsel uygulamalı
bağcılık. Cilt 2. Asma fizyolojisi 1.
Kavaklıdere Eğitim Yayınları, No:5.
- Bahar, E., Korkutal, İ. ve Boz, Y., 2010.
Tekirdağ ili Şarköy ilçesinin terroir
açısından değerlendirilmesi. Şarköy
Değerleri Sempozyumu, 14 Ekim 2010.
- Cangir, C. ve D. Boyraz, 2006. Jeoloji
(Jeopedoloji). Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bölümü,
Tekirdağ. ISBN: 9944–5195–0–2. 253s.
- Carbonneau, A., 1980. Recherce sur les
systèmes de conduite de la vigne: Essai de
maitrise du microclimat et de la plante
entrieri pour produire économiquement du
raisin de quality. These Doc. Univ.
Bordeaux II.
- Carbonneau, A., 1998. Aspects qualitatifs.
258–276. In: Tiercelin, JR (Ed.), Traite
d’irrigation. Tec & Doc. Lavosier Ed.,
Paris, p.1011.
- Carbonneau, A., Champagnol, F., Deloire,
A. and Sevilla, F., 1998. Récolte et qualité
du raisin, in C. flanzy. fondements
scientifiques et technologiques. Lavoisier
Tec & Doc ed., 1311.
- Carbonneau, A., 2001. Concepts “terroir”.
Giesco XIIᵉ jour–nées du groupe européen
d’étude des systèmes de conduitede la
vigne. Montpellier, France, 3–7 juillet, 2,
669.
- Carbonneau, A., Deloire, A. and Jaillard,
B., 2007. La vigne. physiologie, terroir,
culture. Dunod, Paris, ISBN: 9782–1004–
999–84.
- Carbonneau, A. and Bahar, E., 2009. Vine
and berry responses to contrasted water
fluxes in Ecotron around veraison:
Manipulation of berry shrivelling and
consequences on berry growth, sugar
loading and maturation. 16. International
Symp. GiESCO Univ. of California. 12–15
July 2009, USA, pp.145–154.
- Combee, B.G., 1959. Fruit set and
development in seed grape varieties as
affected by defoliation, topping, gridling
and other treatments. American Journal of
Enology and Viticulture 10:85–100.
- Conde, C., Silva, P., Fontes, N., Dias,
A.C.P., Tavares, R.M., Sousa, M.J.,
Agasse, A., Delrot, S. and Gerós, H., 2007.
Biochemical changes throughout grape
berry development and fruit and wine
quality. Food 1(1):1–22.
- Çelik, S., 2007. Bağcılık (Ampeloloji–I).
Anadolu Matbaa Ambalaj San. ve Tic. Ltd.
Şti., Cilt I Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı, Tekirdağ.
423s.
- De La Hera Orts, M.L., Martínez–Cutillas,
A., López–Roca, J.M. and Gómez–Plaza,
E., 2005. Effect of moderate irrigation on
grape composition during ripening. Spanish
Journal of Agricultural Research 3(3):352–
361.
- Deloire, A., Lopez, F. and Carbonneau, A.,
2002. Reponses de la vigne et terroir.
Progrès Agricole et Viticole 4(119):78–86.
- Hunter, J.J., Archer, E., Volschenk and
C.G., 2010. Vineyard management for
enviroment valorisation. Proceedings 8. Int.
Zoning Caonres, Soavei Italy, 14–18 June
2010.
- Jackson, D.I. and Lombard, P.B., 1993.
Environmental and management practices
affecting grape composition and wine
quality–a review. American Journal of
Enology and Viticulture 44(4):409–430.
- Jones, G.V., 2007. Climate change:
observations, projections, and general
implications for viticulture and wine
production. Economics Department
Working Paper No: 7. Whitman College.
- Kacar B. ve Katkat V., 2007. Bitki besleme
(Genişletilmiş 3. baskı). Nobel Akademik
Yayıncılık. 82s.
- Kliewer, W.M. and Smart, R.E., 1989.
Canopy manipulation for optimizing vine
microclimate, crop yield and composition
of grapes. In Manipulation of Fruiting. C.J.
Wright (Ed.), pp.275–291. Butterworth,
London.
- Kliewer, W.M. and Dokoozlian, N., 2005.
Leaf area/crop weight ratios of grapevines:
influence on fruit composition and wine
quality. American Journal of Enology and
Viticulture 56:2.
- Roby, G., Harbertson, J.F., Adams, D.A.
and Matthews, M.A., 2004. Berry size and
vine water deficits as factors in winegrape
composition: anthocyanins and tannins.
Australian Journal Grape and Wine
Research 10:100–107.
- Saayman, D., 1982. Soil preparation
studies: Effect of depth of soil preparation
and organic material additions on growth,
production and quality of wine grapes:
1967–1981. Agricultural Research,
Pretoria. 38.
- Schalkwyk, D. Van, 2004. Methods to
determine berry mass, berry volume and
bunch mass. Wynboer, A technical guide for
wine producers. September 2004.
(http://www.wynboer.co.za/recentarticles/0
409methods.php3).
- Smart, R.E., Robinson, J.B., Due, G.R. and
Brien, C.J., 1985. Canopy microclimate
modification for the cultivar Shiraz. I.
Definition of canopy microclimate. Vitis
24:17–31.
- Smart, R. and Robinson, M., 2006. Sunlight
into wine. A handbook for winegrape
canopy management. Tenth Printing
February 2006. 88p.
- Smart, R.E., Dick, J.K., Gravett, I.M. and
Fisher, B.M., 1990. Canopy management to
improve grape yield and wine quality–
principles and practices. South African
Journal of Enology and Viticulture
11(1):3–17.
- Smith, R. and Prichard, T., 2002. UC
cooperative extension august. (http://ucce.
ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2161/41093.pd
f) (Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2014).
- Tonietto, J., 1999. Les macroclimats
viticoles mondiaux et l’influence du
mésoclimat sur la typicité de la Syrah et du
Muscat de Hambourg dans le sud de la
France: méthodologie de caráctérisation.
Thèse Doctorat. Ecole Nationale
Supérieure Agronomique, Montpellier,
233p.
- Uzun, İ., 2003. Bağcılık. Hasat Yayınları.
Antalya.
- Vaudour, E., 2003. Les terroirs viticoles.
Définitions, caractérisation et protection.
Dunod, Paris, ISBN: 2100064541.
- Wolf, T.K. and Boyer, J.D., 2009. Vineyard
site selection. (http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/463/
463–020/463–020.html) (Erişim Tarihi:
15.10.2012).