Işıl ÖZÜAK TUNCA, Gaye ÖZEN AKIN, Ali DAYİ

Bağımlı Akrabası Olan ve Olmayan Bireylerin Eşbağımlılık Özelliklerinin Savunma Mekanizmaları, Aile İşlevselliği ve Bağlanma Stilleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bağımlı yakını olan (klinik grup, n=56) ve olmayan (klinik-olmayan grup, n=59) bireylerin eş-bağımlılık özelliklerinin bireysel (savunma-mekanizmaları), aile içi (aile-işlevselliği) ve ilişkisel (bağlanma-stilleri) açılardan karşılaştırılarak bu bireylerin eş-bağımlılık özelliklerinin ortak ve farklı yönlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Veri toplama aracı olarak Eş Bağımlılık Belirleme Ölçeği (EşBBÖ), Savunma Biçimleri Testi 40 (SBT-40), Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ADÖ) ve İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi (İÖA) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Klinik grubun EşBBÖ (diğerine-odaklanma/kendini-ihmal, düşük-öz-değer, kök-aile-sorunları alt ölçekleri ve toplam puanı); SBT-40 (immatür-savunmalar alt ölçeği); ADÖ (problem-çözmede-başarısızlık, iletişim-sorunları, rol-dağılımı-sorunları, duygusal-tepkisellik, duygusal-ilişki-kurma ve genel-işlevsellik sorunları alt ölçekleri ve toplam puanı); İÖA (saplantılı-bağlanma alt ölçeği) puanlarının klinik-olmayan gruptan; klinik-olmayan grubun ise SBT-40 olgun-savunmalar alt ölçeği puanının klinik gruptan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Klinik grupta immatür savunmaların, problem-çözmede başarısızlığın ve saplantılı-bağlanmanın; klinik-olmayan grupta ise immatür savunmaların ve sağlıksız iletişimin eş-bağımlılığı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yordadığını göstermiştir. Sonuç: Bu bulgular, bağımlı yakını olan ve olmayan bireylerin eş-bağımlılık özelliklerinin farklılık gösterdiğini gözlemleyen önceki araştırmaları desteklemektedir. Ayrıca immatür savunmaların, bireyin bağımlı bir yakını olup olmadığı fark etmeksizin her iki grupta da eş-bağımlılığı yordaması, bu savunma mekanizmasının kullanımının eş-bağımlılığın temel bir özelliği olabileceğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Eş bağımlılık, savunma mekanizmaları, aile işlevselliği, bağlanma stilleri

Comparison of Codependency Characteristics of Individuals with and without Dependent Relatives in Terms of Defense Mechanisms, Family Functionality and Attachment Styles

Objective: This study aimed to identify both the shared and distinct aspects of the codependency characteristics of individuals with (clinical group, n=56) and without dependent relatives (non-clinical group, n=59) by comparing them in terms of personal (defense-mechanisms), domestic (family-functionality), and relational (attachment-styles) contexts. Method: Codependency Assessment Tool (CODAT), Defense Styles Questionnaire 40 (DSQ-40), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) were used as data collection tools. Results: The clinical group scored statistically significantly higher on CODAT (other focus/self-neglect, low-self-worth, family-of-origin-issues subscales and total), DSQ-40 (immature-defenses subscale), FAD (failure in problem-solving, communication, role-distribution, affective-responsiveness, affective-involvement, general-functioning subscales and total), RSQ (preoccupied-attachment subscale) than the non-clinical group. The non-clinical group scored significantly higher on the mature-defenses subscale than the clinical group. Immature-defenses, failure in problem-solving and preoccupied-attachment predicted codependency in the clinical group whereas in the non-clinical group, immature-defenses and unhealthy-communication were significant predictors of codependency. Conclusion: Codependency characteristics differ among individuals with and without dependent family members. As immature defenses predicted codependency in both groups, the use of this defense mechanism may be a fundamental feature of codependency.

Keywords:

Codependency, defense mechanisms, family functioning, attachment styles,

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