Kültür Marulu (Lactuca sativa L.) ile Yabani Akrabalarının Yaprak Mikromorfolojileri

Kültür marulu (Lactuca sativa L.) dünya genelinde tüketilen ve ekonomik değere sahipotsu bir bitkidir. Bu türün birincil gen havuzunda yabani L. serriola L., L. aculeata Boiss. &Kotschy, L. azerbaijanica Rech. f., L. georgica Grossh. ve L. scarioloides Boiss. yer alırkenikincil gen havuzunda ise L. saligna L. yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada ekonomik önemindendolayı çeşitli çalışmalara konu L. sativa’nın birincil ve ikincil gen havuzunda yer alan yabaniakrabalarının yaprak mikromorfolojilerinin ortaya konulması ve mikromofolojik karakterleredayalı akrabalık ilişkilerinin fenetik analizler yoluyla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Buamaca ulaşmak için çoklu örnekleme üzerinden türlere ait yaprakların karakter durumlarıbelirlenmiş ve saysısal analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışılan diğer mikromofolojik özellikleriçerisinde en çok varyasyon epikutikular mum yoğunluğunda ve mum tipinde gözlenmiştir.Diğer taraftan epidermis hücrelerinin antiklinal ve periklinal (L. georgica hariç) çeperleri türiçerisinde kararlılık göstermektedir. Yaprak alt yüzeyindeki tüy durumu da L. saligna hariçtür içinde kararlılık göstermektedir. Mikromorfolojik verilere göre L. sativa’ya en yakın tür L.saligna olup epidermis hücrelerine ait antiklinal çeperin dalgalı (undulat) olması iki türdepaylaşılan ortak karakter durumudur. Elde edilen bu veriler ışığında epidermis hücrelerininantiklinal-periklinal çeperleri ve tüy durumu Lactuca cinsi içerisinde sistematik çalışmalardataksonlar arasında sınırları belirlemek için ayırt edici karakter olarak kullanılabilir.

Leaf Micromorphogy of Cultivated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Its Wild Relatives

Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an economically important weedy plant for human consumption at worldwide. The primary gene pool of L. sativa consists of wild L. serriola L., L. aculeata Boiss. & Kotschy, L. azerbaijanica Rech. f., L. georgica Grossh. and L. scarioloides Boiss. while L. saligna L. is in its secondary gene pool. L. sativa has been subjected to various studies due to its economic importance. This study aims to reveal leaf micromorphology of the taxa in the primary and secondary gene pool of L. sativa and determinate these relationships based on leaf micromophological characters through phenetic analysis. In order to achieve these aims, character states of leaves belonging to the taxa were determined through multiple sampling and these data were subjected to analysis. The most variation was observed in density of epicuticular wax and wax type among the studied micromorphological characters. On the other hand the states of anticlinal and periclinal walls of epidermis cells are stable within the taxa (except L. georgica). Indumentum on abaxial leaf surface is also stable within the taxa except L. saligna. According to the micromorphological data, L. saligna is the closest species to L. sativa and undulate anticlinal wall of epidermis cells is shared common character state for both taxa. In the light of these findings, anticlinalpericlinal walls of epidermis cells and indumentum can be used as distinctive characters to determine the boundaries between taxa in systematic studies in Lactuca.

PDF

___

Ashafa, A.O.T., Grierson, D.S. ve Afolayan, A.J. (2008). Foliar micromorphology of Felicia muricata Thunb., A South African medicinal plant. Pak J Biol Sc. 11: 1713–1717.
Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I., Theisen, I. ve Wilhelmi, H. (1998). Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 126: 237–260.
Beharav, A., Ben-David, R., Doležalová, I. ve Lebeda A. (2010). Eco-geographical distribution of Lactuca aculeata natural populations in northeastern Israel. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57: 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9503-6.
Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae. Cladistics And Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Chwil, M., Krawiec, M., Krawiec P. ve Chwil S. (2015). Micromorphology of the epidermis and anatomical structure of the leaves of Scorzonera hispanica L. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 84 (3): 357-367.
Eva, K., Lebeda, A., Novotná, A., Doležalová, I. ve Berka, T. (2014). Morphological variation of Lactuca serriola L. achenes as a function of their geographic origin. Acta Botanica Croatica 73 (1): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2013-0020
Ferakova, V. (1976). Lactuca L. Şu eserde: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. ve Webb, D.A (edlr.), Flora Europaea 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Güzel, M.E. (2018). Çeşitlilik Merkezi GB Asya Olan Lactucinae (Asteraceae) Alttribusunun Türkiye Odaklı Biyosistematik Revizyonu, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
Güzel, M.E., Coşkunçelebi, K., Kilian, N., Makbul, S. ve Gültepe, M. (2021). “Phylogeny and systematics of the Lactucinae (Asteraceae) focusing on their SW Asian centre of diversity”. Plant Syst Evol 307, 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01719-y.
Jeffrey, C. (1975). Lactuca L., Cephalorrhynchus Boiss., Cicerbita Wallr., Mulgedium Cass., Mycelis Cass., Scariola F.W. Schmidt, Steptorhamphus Bunge ve Prenanthes L. Şu eserde: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 5: 764–783. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
Kilian, N., Gemeinholzer, B. ve Lack, H., W. (2009a). Tribe Cichorieae. Şu eserde: Funk, V., A, Susanna, A., Stuessy,
T. ve Bayer, R. (edlr.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae 343–383. IAPT, Vienna.
Kilian, N., Hand, R., ve Raab-Straube E., von (edlr). (2009b). Cichorieae Systematics Portal, http://cichorieae.etaxonomy.net/portal/ (erişim tarihi: 20.08.2020).
Kilian, N., Sennikov, A., Wang, Z., H., Gemeinholzer, B. ve Zhang, J. V. (2017). Sub-paratethyan origin and middle to late miocene principal diversification of the lactucinae (Compositae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular phylogenetics, divergence-dating and biogeographic analysis. Taxon 66: 675–703.
Kirpicznikov, M.E. (1964). Compositae. Şu eserde: Bobrov, E.G. ve Tzevlev, N.N. (edlr.) Flora of the USSR 29: 255- 355. Nauka, Moscow.
Křístková, E., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Vinter, V. ve Novotná, A. (2008). Description of morphological characters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genetic resources. Hort. Sci. (Prague) 35: 113-129.
Kodak, E., Erdogan, I, Bani, B., Sahin, A.A. ve Pinar, N.M. (2017.) Leaf micromorphology of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa in Turkey. GU J Sci 30(4): 30-41.
Koopman, W.J.M., Guetta, E., Van De Wiel, C.C.M., Vosman, B. ve Van Den Berg, R.G. (1998). phylogenetic relationships among Lactuca (Asteraceae) species and related genera based on ITS-1 DNA Sequences, Am. J. Bot. 85: 1517-1530.
Kovach, W.L. (2007). MVSP - A multivariate statistical package for windows, ver. 3.1. Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth, Wales, U.K.
Lindqvist, K. (1960). On the origin of cultivated lettuce. Hereditas 46: 319-350.
Michalska, K., Stojakowska, A., Malarz, J., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A. ve Kisiel, W. (2009). Systematic implications of sesquiterpene lactones in Lactuca species. Biochem Syst Ecol. 37:174–179. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.02.001.
Novotná, A., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Kršková, M. ve Berka, T. (2011). Morphological variability of achenes of some European populations of Lactuca serriola L. Flora 206:473–483.
Podani, J. (1993). Multivariate Data Analysis in Ecology and Systematic: A Metodological Guide to Syn-Tax 5.0 Package, SPB Academic Publishing, Netherlands.
Raei Niaki, N., Attar, F., Mirtadzadini, M., Mahdigholi, K. ve Sheidai, M. (2019). Micromorphological studies of leaf epidermis on the genus Cotoneaster Medik in Iran and its implication. Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (2).
Rojas-Leal, A., Villaseñor, J.L. ve Terrazas, T. (2017). Tricomas foliares en Senecio sectión Mulgediifolii(Senecioneae, Asteraceae). Acta Botanica Mexicana 119: 69-78.
Schwember, A.R. ve Bradford, K.J. (2010) Quantitative trait loci associated with longevity of lettuce seeds under conventional and controlled deterioration storage conditions. Journal of experimental botany 61:4423-4436
Shepherd, T. ve Wynne Griffiths, D. (2006). The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes. New Phytol 171(3):469- 99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01826.x. PMID: 16866954.
Van Treuren, R., van Hintum, T.J.L. ve van de Wiel, C.C.M. (2008). Marker-assisted optimization of an expert-based strategy for the acquisition of modern lettuce varieties to improve a genebank collection. Genet 55: 319–330.
Van Treuren, R., Coquin, P., ve Lohwasser, U. (2012). Genetic resources collections of leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach, chicory, artichoke, asparagus, lamb’s lettuce, rhubarb and rocket salad): Composition and gaps. Genet 59: 981–997.
Van Treuren, R., van Eekelen, H.D.L.M., Wehrens, R. ve de Vos, R.C.H. (2018). Metabolite variation in the lettuce gene pool: towards healthier crop varieties and food. Metabolomics 14: 146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306- 018-1443-8
Wang, Z.H., Peng, H. ve Kilian, N. (2013). Molecular Phylogeny of the Lactuca Alliance (Cichorieae Subtribe Lactucinae, Asteraceae) with Focus on Their Chinese Centre of Diversity Detects Potential Events of Reticulation and Chloroplast Capture. Plos One 8 (12): 1-20.
Zhang, F.Z., Wagstaff, C., Rae, A.M., Sihota, A.K., Keevil, C.W., Rothwell, S.D., Clarkson, G.J., Michelmore, R.W., Truco, M.J., Dixon, M.S. ve Taylor, G. (2007) QTLs for shelf life in lettuce co-locate with those for leaf biophysical properties but not with those for leaf developmental traits. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:1433-1449.
Zohary, D. (1991). The wild genetic resources of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Euphytica 53: 31–35.

ISSN: 2148-4015
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2014
Yayıncı: Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Eğitim ve Sağlık Kültür Sanat ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı