AR-GE HARCAMALARI VE POLİTİKALARINDA SEÇİLİ ÜLKELER VE TÜRKİYE KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınma ve büyümesinde kilit rol oynayan, ulusal ve uluslararası piyasalarda üstünlük sağlayan Araştırma-Geliştirme (Ar-Ge)’nin her geçen gün önemi özel, kamu ve diğer sektörler açısından artış göstermektedir. Bu yöndeki faaliyet alanlarının genişleyebilmesi, Ar-Ge harcamalarının ve performansının artabilmesi için kamunun politika araçları ile müdahalesi gerekliliği oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Ar-Ge harcamaları ve politikalarını başarılı yürüten ülkelerde Ar-Ge harcama ve politikalarının boyutları ve ne şekilde uygulandığı sorgulanmış ve Türkiye’de uygulanabilecek politikaların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine yönelik yapılan harcama ve politikaların seçili ülkeler ve Türkiye’de gelişimi ve uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Ülkelerin seçilmesinde Ar-Ge göstergeleri ve uyguladıkları Ar-Ge politikalarındaki başarıları etkili olmuştur. Yapılan incelemeler doğrultusunda, Ar-Ge harcama yoğunluğu Türkiye dışındaki ülkelerde OECD ülkeleri ortalamasında gerçekleşirken Türkiye’de OECD ortalamasının altında olduğu ve Ar-Ge faaliyet alanlarının arttırılmasında ise politika yapıcıların teşvik destek unsurlarına yönelimi Japonya, Almanya, Güney Kore ve İsviçre’de, ağırlıklı olarak kredi ve hibe gibi vergi dışı; Türkiye’de ise vergisel destekler sağlama yönünde geliştiği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ar-Ge, Ar-Ge Harcamaları, Ar-Ge Politikaları, Türkiye, Seçili Ülkeler

COMPARISON OF R&D EXPENDICOMPARISON OF R&D EXPENDITURES AND POLITICS IN TURKEY AND SELECTED COUNTRIES TURES AND POLITICS IN TURKEY AND SELECTED COUNTRIES

The importance of Research and Development (R&D), which plays a key role in the economic development and growth of countries and excels in national and international markets, is increasing day by day in terms of private, public and other sectors. In order to expand the fields of activity in this direction and increase R&D expenditures and performance, the necessity of public intervention with policy tools has emerged. In this study, the dimensions of R&D expenditures and policies and how they are implemented in countries that carry out successful R&D expenditures and policies were questioned and it was aimed to determine the policies that could be implemented in Turkey. In this direction, in this study, the development and applications of expenditures and policies for R&D activities in selected countries and Turkey were examined. R&D indicators and their success in the R&D policies they implemented were effective in the selection of the countries. In line with the examinations made, while the R&D expenditure intensity is on the average of OECD countries in countries other than Turkey, it is below the OECD average in Turkey and policy makers' orientation to incentive support elements in increasing R&D activity areas is predominantly in Japan, Germany, South Korea and Switzerland. non-tax, such as loans and grants; In Turkey, it has been determined that it has developed in the direction of providing tax support.

Keywords:

R&D, R&D Expenditures, R&D Politics, Turkey, Selected Countries.,

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