Solunum Hastalıkları ile İlişkili Semptom Seslerinin Sınıflandırılması

Covid-19 gibi solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının erken tespiti, hastalığın daha kolay tedavisine ve hastanın daha rahat bir süre geçirmesine yol açarak ciddi komplikasyon olasılığını azaltabilir. Öksürme ve hapşırma gibi solunum seslerinin sıklığı, şiddeti ve türü (kuru veya balgamlı), hastalığın teşhisi, tedavisi ve davranışlarının tespitinde tıp uzmanları için çıkarılabilen zengin bilgiler taşımaktadır. Bunun için, makine veya derin öğrenimine dayalı otomatik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Center for Open Science (OSFHOME), 2020 yılında güncellediği veri küme üzerine, bu alanda çalışan araştırmacıları, ses kayıtlarını kullanarak hastalık seslerinin otomatik algılanması için makine öğrenimi modelleri oluşturmaya davet etti. Veri seti, “Pfizer Digital Medicine Challenge” için oluşturulmuştur ve amacı öksürme ve hapşırma gibi seslerinin tespiti için makine öğrenimi modellerinin geliştirilmesidir. Veri seti üç parçaya ayrılmıştır; eğitim, doğrulama ve test kümeleri. Sunulan çalışmada, bu veri seti üzerine yeni bir makine öğrenimi sistemi önerildi. Eğitim, doğrulama ve test örneklerinden öznitelikler elde edildikten sonra, dört farklı sınıflandırıcının parametrelerini hesaplamak için doğrulama veri kümesi kullanıldı ve son aşamada test veri kümesi üzerine sınıflandırma gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, radyal tabanlı çekirdek fonksiyonlu destek vektör makine (DVM) sınıflandırıcısı solunum seslerini diğer seslere karşı, %76 civarında bir doğruluk oranıyla diğer sınıflandırıcılara göre daha başarılı sınıflandırdı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Makine öğrenimi, Solunum sesleri, Sınıflandırma, Hapşırık, COVID-19, Öksürük

Classification of Symptom Sounds Associated with Respiratory Disease

Early detection of respiratory infections such as Covid-19 can lead to the easier treatment of the disease and a more comfortable time for the patient, reducing the likelihood of serious complications. The frequency, severity, and type (dry or phlegm) of respiratory sounds such as coughing and sneezing carry a wealth of information that can be extracted for medical professionals in diagnosing the disease, treating it, and determining its behavior. For this, it is very important to develop automated approaches based on machine or deep learning. Center for Open Science (OSFHOME) invited researchers working in this field to create machine learning models for automatic detection of the disease sounds using sound recordings, based on the dataset it updated in the 2020 year. The dataset was created for the "Pfizer Digital Medicine Challenge" and its purpose is to develop machine learning models for detecting sounds such as coughing and sneezing. The dataset is divided into three parts; training, validation, and test sets. In the presented study, a new machine learning system is proposed on this dataset. After the features were obtained from the training, validation, and test samples, the validation dataset was used to calculate the parameters of the four different classifiers, and in the final stage, the classification was performed on the test set. According to the results, the radial-based kernel function support vector machine (RBF-SVM) classifier classified respiratory sounds against other sounds more successfully than other classifiers with an accuracy rate of around 76%.

Keywords:

Respiratory sounds, Classification, Machine learning, COVID-19, Cough, Sneeze,

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