Kuraklık Stresi Altındaki Buğday Çeşitlerinde Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının miRNA İfadesi Üzerine Etkileri

Türkiye’de buğday yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarda bitki büyümesi, kuraklık stresi gibi çevresel bir faktörden yüksek oranda etkilenmektedir ve bu abiyotik stres tarımsal ürünlerin verimini önemli derecede düşürmektedir. Bitki büyümesini uyaran kimyasalların bitkilere uygulanması stres toleransını arttırmak için kolay, düşük maliyetli, düşük riskli ve etkili bir yaklaşımdır ve bunlar içerisinde salisilik asit kuraklık stresi, tuzluluk gibi olumsuz çevre koşullarına bitkilerin uyum sağlamasında ve bitkilerin strese dayanıklılık geliştirmesinde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kuraklığa toleranslı çeşit olarak Gün 91, hassas çeşit olarak Ankara 98 çeşiti kullanılmıştır ve bitkilere iki farklı doz (0.1 mM, 0.5mM) salisilik asit uygulaması yapılmıştır. Salisilik asit uygulamasından bir hafta sonra kuraklık stresi uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kuraklık stresi uygulamasının sonunda uygulama ve kontrol saksılarından toplanan yaprak örneklerinden RNA’lar izole edilmiş ve miR156, miR169, miR172, miR319 ile mir398 ve bu miRNA’lara ait hedef genlerin ifade seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Kuraklık stres koşulları altında salisilik asit ile muamele edilen yaprak dokularında; miR156 ve miR172'nin ekspresyon seviyesi kuraklık stresine toleranslı Gün 91 çeşidinde yüksek iken, miR169 seviyesi hassas Ankara 98 çeşidinde daha yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. miR319 ifade seviyesi Gün 91 çeşidinde 0.5mM salisilik asit+kuraklık uygulamasında daha yüksek iken, Ankara 98 çeşidinde 0.1mM salisilik asit+kuraklık uygulamasında daha yüksek olarak gözlenmiştir. miR398 ekspresyon seviyesi, hem Gün 91, hem de Ankara 98 çeşitlerinde salisilik asit ile kuraklık stresinin birlikte uygulandığı bitki gruplarında miR398 ifade seviyesi kontrol grubuna göre belirgin azalma göstermiştir. Salisilik asit uygulamasının tek başına yapıldığı gruplarda ise miR398 ifade seviyesi daha yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; bu çalışma ile salisilik asidin strese yanıtta önemli bir sinyal molekülü olduğu ve stres koşullarındaki etkiyi azalttığı ve stres tolerans mekanizmasının uygulanan salisilik asit ile kuraklığa toleranslı ve hassas buğday çeşitlerinde farklı olduğu vurgulanmıştır.

The Effects of Salicylic Acid Applications on miRNA Expression in Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress

Wheat cultivation in Turkey, is highly affected by environmental factors such as drought stress, which reduces yields significantly.Applying chemicals that stimulate plant growth is an easy, low-cost, low-risk and effective approach to increase stress tolerance, andsalicylic acid is prominent in adapting plants to adverse environmental conditions such as drought stress, salinity, and improving plants'tolerance to stress. In the study, Gün 91 and Ankara 98 cultivars were used as drought tolerant and Ankara 98the sensitive plant material,respectively. Two different doses (0.1 mM, 0.5mM) of salicylic acid (SA) were applied to these plants. Drought stress teratment wasperformed one week after SA application. Total RNAs were isolated from leaf samples collected from application and control pots. Theexpression levels of miR156, miR169, miR172, miR319, mir398 and the genes targeted by these miRNAs were determined. Accordingto the results, in Gün 91, the expression levels of miR156 and miR172 was found higher in leaf tissues treated with SA under droughtstress conditions. On the other hand, the level of miR169 was higher in Ankara 98. In Gün 91, miR319 expression level was higher in0.5 mM salicylic acid + drought treatment, whereas in Ankara 98 was higher in 0.1 mM SA + drought treatment.According to the control group, mir398 expression level decreased significantly in both 91 and Ankara 98 plant groups in which SA +drought stress was applied together. As a result of this study, it was emphasized that salicylic acid is an important signal molecule inresponse to stress and it mitigates the effect in stress conditions, and the tolerance mechanism of drought tolerant and sensitive cultivarswith salicylic acid application were different.

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