Düşük Karmaşıklı GFDM Vericisinde PAPR Minimizasyonu için Birikimli Sembol Optimizasyonuna Dayalı Yeni Bir Seçici Eşleme Yöntemi

Bu çalışmada, birikimli sembol optimizasyonu-seçici eşleme (CSO-SLM) adı verilen yeni bir PAPR düşürme yöntemi geliştirilerek, genelleştirilmiş frekans bölmeli çoğullamanın düşük karmaşıklı versiyonundaki (LC-GFDM) yüksek tepe gücü/ortalama güç oranı problemi ele alınmıştır. Bu yeni yöntemle birlikte, SLM tekniğinin birikimli sembol optimizasyon prosedürü ile birleştirilmesi sayesinde, LC-GFDM vericisinde SLM performansını büyük ölçüde düşüren sembollerin toplanması işleminin yol açtığı dezavantaj ortadan kaldırılmıştır. CSO prosedürünü SLM şemasına entegre etmenin faydasını göstermek amacıyla, önermiş olduğumuz CSO-SLM stratejisi geleneksel SLM tekniği ile simülasyonlarda hem PAPR düşürme hem de güç spektral yoğunluğu (PSD) performansı bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, LC-GFDM sistemi için CSO-SLM stratejisi gibi özel olarak geliştirilmiş olan CSO-kısmi iletim dizisi (CSO-PTS) tekniği ve GreenOFDM isimli güçlü bir PAPR düşürme yöntemi de karşılaştırma amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre, önerilen CSO-SLM yöntemi, bu çalışmada ele alınan kıyaslama stratejilerini LC-GFDM iletim sinyalinde elde edilen PAPR ve PSD iyileştirme miktarları bakımından geride bırakarak her birinden net olarak daha iyi bir performans göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

PAPR, LC-GFDM, 5G, Birikimli sembol optimizasyonu, Seçici eşleme

A Novel Selective Mapping Method based on Cumulative Symbol Optimization for PAPR Minimization in Low Complexity GFDM Transmitter

In this paper, the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in the low complex version of the generalized frequency division multiplexing (LC-GFDM) is handled by developing a novel PAPR reduction method called cumulative symbol optimization-selective mapping (CSO-SLM). With this new method, the disadvantage caused by the symbol addition process that greatly reduces the SLM performance in the LC-GFDM transmitter was eliminated thanks to the combination of SLM technique with the cumulative symbol optimization procedure. In order to demonstrate the benefit of integrating the CSO procedure into the SLM scheme, our proposed CSO-SLM strategy was compared to the conventional SLM technique with regard to both PAPR reduction and power spectral density (PSD) performance in the simulations. Moreover, the CSO-partial transmit sequence (CSO-PTS) technique, which was specially developed for the LC-GFDM system as the CSO-SLM strategy, and a robust PAPR reduction method named GreenOFDM were also used for comparison. According to the simulation results, the proposed CSO-SLM technique clearly outperforms each of the benchmark strategies considered in this paper by leaving them behind with regard to the amounts of PAPR and PSD improvements achieved in the LC-GFDM transmission signal.

Keywords:

PAPR, LC-GFDM, 5G, Cumulative symbol optimization, Selective mapping,

PDF

___

Barba-Maza, L. M., & Dolecek, G. J. (2020, August 9-12). PAPR reduction of GFDM system using Xia pulse and OPTS scheme [Conference presentation]. IEEE 63rd International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), Springfield, MA, USA.
Bauml, R. W., Fischer, R. F. H., & Huber, J. B. (1996). Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selected mapping. Electronics Letters, 32(22), 2056-2057.
Chen, J. C., & Wen, C. K. (2010). PAPR reduction of OFDM signals using cross-entropy-based tone injection schemes. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 17(8), 727-730.
Cimini, L. J., (1985). Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 33(7), 665-675.
Cimini, L. J., & Sollenberger, N. R. (2000). Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences. IEEE Communications Letters, 4(3), 86-88.
Fettweis, G., Krondorf, M., & Bittner, S. (2009, April 26-29). GFDM - generalized frequency division multiplexing [Conference presentation]. VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
Güner, A. (2022). Evre uyumlu optik OFDM sistemler için karmaşık aşırı öğrenme makinası tabanlı doğrusal olmayan denkleştirici. European Journal of Science and Technology, (33), 26-31.
Jayalath, A. D. S., & Tellambura, C. (2000). Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal through bit or symbol interleaving. Electronics Letters, 36(13), 1161-1163.
Jayati, A. E., Wirawan, W., Suryani, T., & Endroyono, E. (2019). Partial transmit sequence and selected mapping schemes for PAPR reduction in GFDM systems. International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, 12(6), 114-122.
Jones, A. E., Wilkinson, T. A., & Barton, S. K. (1994). Block coding scheme for reduction of peak to mean envelope power ratio of multicarrier transmission schemes. Electronics Letters, 30(25), 2098-2099.
Krongold, B. S., & Jones, D. L. (2003). PAR reduction in OFDM via active constellation extension. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 43(3), 258-268.
Krongold, B. S., & Jones, D. L. (2004). An active-set approach for OFDM PAR reduction via tone reservation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 52(2), 495-509.
Li, X., & Cimini, L. J. (1998). Effect of clipping and filtering on the performance of OFDM. IEEE Communications Letters, 2(5), 131-133.
Matthé, M., Mendes, L., Gaspar, I., Michailow, N., Zhang, D., & Fettweis, G. (2016). Precoded GFDM transceiver with low complexity time domain processing. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2016(1), 1-9.
Mestdagh, D. J. G., GulfoMonsalve, J. L., & Brossier, J. M. (2018). GreenOFDM: a new selected mapping method for OFDM PAPR reduction. Electronics Letters, 54(7), 449-450.
Michailow, N., Datta, R., Krone, S., Lentmaier, M., & Fettweis, G. (2012). Generalized frequency division multiplexing: a flexible multi-carrier modulation scheme for 5th generation cellular networks [Conference presentation]. German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), Ilmenau, Germany.
Michailow, N., Krone, S., Lentmaier, M., & Fettweis, G. (2012, September 3-6). Bit error rate performance of generalized frequency division multiplexing [Conference presentation]. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), Quebec City, Canada.
Michailow, N., Matthé, M., Gaspar, I. S., Caldevilla, A. N., Mendes, L. L., Festag, A., & Fettweis, G. (2014). Generalized frequency division multiplexing for 5th generation cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 62(9), 3045-3061.
Paredes, M. C. P., Grijalva, F., Rodrigez, J. C., & Sarzosa, F. (2017, October 16-20). Performance analysis of the effects caused by HPA models on an OFDM signal with high PAPR [Conference presentation]. IEEE Second Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM), Salinas, Ecuador.
Ryu, H. G., Park, J. S., & Park, J. S. (2004). Threshold IBO of HPA in the predistorted OFDM communication system. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 50(4), 425-428.
Sim, Z. A., Reine, R., Zang, Z., Juwono, F. H., & Gopal, L. (2019, April 28-May 1). Reducing the PAPR of GFDM systems with quadratic programming filter design [Conference presentation]. IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Şimşir, Ş., & Taşpınar, N. (2020). Cumulative symbol optimization-based partial transmit sequence technique for PAPR reduction in low complexity GFDM system. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 31(6), 1-19.
Taşpınar, N., & Şimşir, Ş. (2020). Bio-inspired pilot design approach based on genetic algorithm for OFDM-IDMA scheme. European Journal of Science and Technology, (19), 466-474.
Tiwari, S. O., & Paulus, R. (2020). Non-linear companding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in generalized frequency division multiplexing. Journal of Optical Communications, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0174.