Atık Yönetiminde Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli ve Döngülerin Tasarımına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme

İlk iki sanayi devriminden sonra teknolojik sosyal, ekonomik gelişmelerle hızla ilerleyen lineer ekonominin çevre üzerinde çok olumsuz geri dönüşü olmayan sonuçları olmuştur. Küresel kaynak kullanım hızlı bir oranda artarken, tek kullanımlık yaşam tarzlarımız gezegeni al, yap, kullan, at dünyası haline getirmiştir. Mevcut düzendeki lineer ekonomi modelinin sürdürülebilir olmadığı daha da açık hale gelmiştir, bunun yanı artan nüfus, refah, eşitsizlik ve tüketim, demografik değişim ve kaynaklar üzerindeki talep bu modeli daha da sürdürülemez kılmaktadır. Mevcut tahminler, toplam küresel tüketimin gezegenin kendini yenileme kapasitesini şimdiden %50 oranında aştığını göstermektedir. Doğal kaynakların kullanımının rasyonelleşmesi ve sürdürülebilir olmayan üretim ve tüketim kalıplarının değiştirilmesi için bir şey yapılmadığı takdirde, zaten kritik olan bu durum giderek daha da kötüleşmeye devam edecektir. Gelecek nesillerin ihtiyaçlarından ödün vermeden, toplumu, daha az doğal kaynak girdisiyle daha fazla değer yarabilen bir topluma geçirmek amacıyla, hammadde, kaynak ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanımlarını esas alan yeni bir ekonomik sistemin ortaya çıkması neredeyse bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Avrupa Birliği, Çin ve pek çok hükümet tarafından da desteklenen ve günümüzde giderek önem kazanmaya başlayan “Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli”ne ilişkin bu çalışmada, atık yönetimi kapsamında döngüsel ekonomi modeli incelenmiş ve sistemin temelini oluşturan döngülere ve tasarım stratejilerine değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Atık Yönetimi, Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli, Döngü Tasarımı, Tasarım Stratejileri

An Evaluation on the Circular Economy Model and the Loops Design in the Context of Waste Management

The linear economy, which has gone further with the technological, social and economic developments after the two industrial revolutions, had very negative irreversible consequences on the environment. Our disposable lifestyles have transformed the planet into a ‘take-make- use and throw’ world, while the global resource use has increased rapidly. It is now much clearer that this business as usual linear economy model is not sustainable; besides, increasing population, welfare, inequality and consumption, demographic changes and demand on resources make this model even more unsustainable. Current estimates show that total global consumption has already exceeded 50% of the planet's self-renewal capacity. If nothing is done to rationalize the use of natural resources and to change those unsustainable production and consumption patterns, the situation that is already critical will continue to deteriorate further. Without compromising the needs of future generations, to turn the society into a one that can create more value with less natural resource input, a new economic system based on the use of raw materials, resources and renewable energy is almost a necessity. This study focuses on the ‘Circular Economy Model’, which has gained more importance nowadays and also supported by the European Union (EU), China and many governments also; examines the model within the scope of waste management, along with the loops underlying the system and the design strategies.

Keywords:

Waste Management, Circular Economy Model, Loops Design, Design Strategies,

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