Araç Rotalama Probleminin Çözümü İçin Çok Amaçlı Genel Değişken Komşuluk Arama Metasezgisel Yaklaşımı

İşletmeler açısından rotalama problemleri büyük önem taşıyan ve çözümü için çeşitli yöntemler geliştirilmeye çalışılan problemlerden birisidir. Günümüzde sera gazı salınımının düşürülmesine yönelik sürdürülebilirlik çerçevesinde çeşitli önlemler alınmaktadır. Araç rotalama problemleri de sera gazı salınımının yaklaşık yüzde yirmilik kısmını oluşturan ulaştırma sektörü içinde karşılaşılabilen problemlerdendir. Bu açıdan araç rotalama problemlerinde genellikle minimum mesafe, minimum araç sayısı, minimum karbon emisyonu gibi amaç fonksiyonları kullanılmaktadır. 1997 yılında ilk olarak Mladenovic ve Hansen tarafından geliştirilen ve sistematik olarak komşuluk değişimleri fikrini kullanan Değişken Komşuluk Arama (DKA) metasezgiseli farklı çeşitlere sahiptir. Bu çeşitlerden birisi de Genel Değişken Komşuluk Arama (GDKA) yapısıdır. Bu çalışmada çok amaçlı araç rotalama problemine uygulamak üzere geliştirilen ve değişken komşuluk arama metasezgisel yaklaşımı temelli Çok Amaçlı Genel Değişken Komşuluk Arama (ÇAGDKA) yönteminin gerçek hayat probleminde uygulanarak mevcut rotalar üzerinde iyileştirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. ÇAGDKA (Yumurtacı Aydoğmuş, 2011) yaklaşımı, Geiger’in 2004 yılında ilk defa ortaya attığı çok amaçlı değişken komşuluk arama (ÇADKA) yönteminden yola çıkarak geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ÇAGDKA yaklaşımının mevcut rotadan daha iyi sonuç verdiği ve farklı iki senaryo ile elde edilen sonuçlarla da karşılaştırıldığında da daha iyi sonuçlar sunduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çok Amaçlı Genel Değişken Komşuluk Arama, Meta Sezgisel, Araç Rotalama

Multi Objective General Variable Neighborhood Search Metaheuristic for Solving Vehicle Routing Problem

Routing problems are one of the problem types that are of great importance for businesses and various methods are tried to be developed for their solution. Today, different measures are taken within the framework of sustainability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle routing problems are also one of the problems that can be encountered in the transportation sector, which accounts for about twenty percent of greenhouse gas emissions. In this respect, objective functions such as minimum distance, minimum number of vehicles, minimum carbon emission are generally used in vehicle routing problems. Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS), which was first developed by Mladenovic and Hansen in 1997 and systematically uses the idea of neighborhood changes, has different varieties of metaheuristics. One of these types is the General Variable Neighborhood Search (GVNS) structure. In this study, it is aimed to improve the existing routes by applying the variable neighborhood search metaheuristic approach-based Multi-Objective General Variable Neighborhood Search (MOGVNS) method, which was developed to apply to the multi-objective vehicle routing problem, in a real life problem. The MOGVNS (Yumurtacı Aydoğmuş, 2011) approach was developed based on the Multi-Objective Variable Neighborhood Search (MOVNS) method, which was first introduced by Geiger in 2004. In the study, it was seen that the MOGVNS approach gave better results than the current route and provided better results when the results obtained with the two different scenarios were compared.

Keywords:

Multi-Objective General Variable Neighborhood Search, Vehicle Routing, Metaheuristic,

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