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5328

RUSYA FEDERASYONU’NUN ARKTİKA POLİTİKASI

Dünyanın en kuzeyinde bulunan Arktika bölgesi, çoğunluğu buzlarla kaplı büyük bir alana sahiptir. Ancak, son yıllarda iklim değişimi yoluyla etkileri daha fazla hissedilen küresel ısınma yüzünden, bölgeye olan ilgi artmaktadır. Bu ilginin başında da, Arktika’nın büyük miktarda sahip olduğu düşünülen petrol, doğalgaz gibi hidrokarbon kaynakları gelmektedir. Ayrıca, Arktika Okyanusu’nun, küresel ısınma sebebiyle gelecek on yıllarda tamamen buzlardan arınacağına ilişkin tahminler, bölgedeki Kuzeybatı Geçidi ve Kuzey Denizi Rotası’nın, uluslararası ticaretteki geleneksel suyollarına alternatif olabilecekleri beklentisini yaratmıştır. Bu bağlamda, başta Arktika devletleri olmak üzere, dünyanın enerji ve ticaret devi ülkeleri, Arktika ile yakından ilgilenmektedir. Bir Arktika devleti olarak Rusya, geçmişten gelen tecrübesiyle bölgede süregelen jeopolitik mücadelelerin çok önemli bir unsurudur. Hâlihazırda, Arktika’daki en geniş kıyılara sahip devlet olan Rusya’nın, Arktika bölgesinin enerji kaynakları bakımından çok zengin olduğu düşünülmektedir. İşte bu makalede, Rusya’nın Arktika’ya geçmişten bugüne yaklaşımları, bölgedeki faaliyetleri ve muhtemel gelecek perspektifi ele alınmaktadır.

Arctic Policy of the Russian Federation

The Arctic region, located in the northernmost part of the world, islargely ice-covered. However, because of global warming affecting the entireplanet through climate change, the Arctic region recently has been receivingincreasing attention. The foremost reason for this attention is the presence oflarge amounts of useful hydrocarbon resources, such as oil and gas. Further,it has been predicted that, owing to global warming, the Arctic Ocean wouldbecome ice-free; this has raised questions pertaining to whether the NorthwestPassage and Northern Sea Route could be alternatives to traditional seawaysin international transport. In this context, the Arctic states and energy andtrade giants, worldwide, are taking a close interest in the Arctic region. As an Arctic country, Russia, with its own historical experiences, is a crucial factorin the ongoing geopolitical challenges. At present, Russia possesses the largestshelves in the Arctic region, and the Russian Arctic is considered highly rich inenergy resources. This study discusses Russia’s approaches to the Arctic fromthe past to present, its regional activities, and possible future plans.
Keywords:

Arctic, North Pole, Russian Federation Russian Arctic,

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Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2012
  • Yayıncı: İstanbul Üniversitesi
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