Aydın GÜVEN, Gülshan BIBI

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KÖPRÜNÜN ALTINA SU TAŞIMAK: HİNDİSTAN-PAKİSTAN SU İLİŞKİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Su, dünyadaki yaşam için olmazsa olmazdır. İnsanların refahından tüm türlerin varlığına kadar, suyun gereklil-iği, insan yaşamının neredeyse tüm boyutlarını içine alır. Bununla birlikte, suyun bolluğu yıkıma neden olurken, eksikliği ise gıda güvensizliğine ve iklim değişikliğine bağlı diğer etkilenmelere neden olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, iki Güney Asya ülkesinde - Hindistan ve Pa-kistan - su kıtlığının gelecekte su savaşlarına yol açabi-lecek potansiyel etkileri konusunda artan bir endişe bu-lunmaktadır. İndus Nehri, yaklaşık 200 milyon Pakistanlı için ana su kaynağıdır. Son on yıllarda nüfusun hızlı bir şekilde artması, bir zamanlar ülkenin sıhhati ve gelişimi için bereketli bir kaynak olan su üzerinde yeni baskılar yaratmaktadır. Öte yandan, İndus nehri sularını pay-laşan Pakistan ve Hindistan arasında artan gerilimler, dünyanın zaten patlamaya hazır bu bölgesinde şiddetli çatışmalara da yol açabilir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale üç önemli soruyu cevaplamaya çalışacaktır: (i) Su güven-sizliği Güney Asya’nın bölgesel güvensizliğine nasıl yol açabilir? ii) Hindistan ve Pakistan, özellikle İndus Su Anlaşması örneğinde, su gerilimine nasıl karşı koy-abilirler? (iii) Hindistan’ın Afganistan’daki Kabil Nehri ve söz konusu İndus Nehri boyunca inşa ettiği çok amaçlı barajların temel amacı nedir ve Pakistan, Hindistan’ın bu hamlelerine karşı nasıl bir strateji geliştirmektedir? Uluslararası İlişkiler teorileri dikkate alındığında, İnsan Güvenliği Çerçevesi ve Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Te-orisi, su geriliminin Hindistan ve Pakistan arasında nasıl tam bir ihtilafla sonuçlanabileceğini kanıtlamaktadır.

BRINGING WATER UNDER THE BRIDGE: A CASE FOR INDIA-PAKISTAN WATER RELATIONS

Water is sine qua non for life on the globe. From people’s prosperity to the existence of all species, the essentiality of water engulfs almost all dimensions of human life. Its abundance, however, can result in destruction and its shortage can result in food insecu-rity and other climate change-induced effects. Within this context, there is a growing concern in two South Asian states - Pakistan and India - about the potential impacts of water scarcity resulting in future water wars. For almost 200 million people of Pakistan, the Indus Riv-er is the main source of water. A rapid increase in the population over the past decades has also created new pressures on water that was once a plentiful resource for the health and development of the country. On the other hand, the escalating tensions between Pakistan and India, which share the Indus flow, may also lead to violent confrontation in an already turbulent part of the world. In this context, this paper will try to answer three significant questions: (i) How water insecurity can lead to regional insecurity of South Asia? (ii) How can India and Pakistan counter water stress, specifically in the case of Indus Water Treaty? (iii) What is the main purpose of the multi-purpose dams built by India along the Kabul River in Afghanistan and the Indus River and how does Pakistan strategize itself to counter Indian moves? Taking notes from theories of International Relations, Human Security Framework and Regional Security Complex Theory would prove as how water stress can result in a full fledge conflict between Indian and Pakistan.
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Avrasya Etüdleri-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-1604
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yıllık
  • Başlangıç: 1994
  • Yayıncı: Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı
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