Cronobacter sakazakii’nin gıda mikrobiyolojisindeki önemi

Cronobacter sakazakii birçok yaş grubunda farklı enfeksiyonlara (örn., pnömoni, konjuktivitis, apandisit) sebep olmakla birlikte, özellikle yeni doğan bebeklerde ve çocuklarda menenjit, nekrotik enterokolitis ve bakteriyemiye neden olan bir patojendir. Toz bebek mamalarının tüketimine bağlı olarak son yıllarda yaşanan sağlık sorunları, dünya genelinde toz bebek mamaları üzerine artan sayıda araştırmalar yapılmasına neden olmuştur. Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki sağlık kuruluşlarını, toz bebek mamaları ile beslenen yeni doğan bebeklerde C. sakazakii’den kaynaklanan enfeksiyonun varlığı hakkında uyarmıştır. Toz bebek mamaları üzerinde yoğunlaşan uluslar arası hassasiyet üzerine, 2004 yılında Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (FAO/WHO) neonatal enfeksiyonlar ve toz bebek mamaları ile ilişkili mikroorganizmalar konusunda bir risk yaklaşımı görevini üstlenmişler ve Cronobacter spp ve Salmonella spp.’yi hijyen kalitesi olarak kategorize etmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte C. sakazakii, et, sebze, peynir, tohum, baharat olmak üzere birçok gıdada da tespit edilmiştir. Toz bebek formüllerinde uzun süre canlı kalabilmesinin yanı sıra, tahıl kökenli bebek devam mamalarının, bazı taze meyve ve sebzelerin C. sakazakii’nin üremesini desteklemesi ayrıca önem arz etmektedir. Fırsatçı bir patojen olan C. sakazakii’nin sebep olacağı gıda kaynaklı enfeksiyonlara karşı başlıca koruyucu önlemler, ısıl işlemlerde etkinliğin sağlanmasının yanı sıra, üretim yeri çevresinden ısıl işlem sonrası meydana gelebilecek kontaminasyonları ortadan kaldırma yönünde olmalıdır.

The importance of Cronobacter sakazakii in food microbiology

Cronobacter sakazakii causes various infections (i.e., pneumonia, conjuctivitis, appendicitis) in most of the age groups and it mostly causes meningitis, necrotic enterocolitis and bacteremia in newborns and children. In recent years there are increasing amount of researches for infant formulas in all of the world because of health problems depending on the consumption of infant formulas. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned the medical centers in USA about C. sakazakii infections for newborns that fed with infant formula. As a result of the international growing concern about infant formulas, Food and Agriculture Organizations and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) have assumed a risk approach mission about microorganisms associated with infant formulas and they have categorized Cronobacter spp and Salmonella spp as a hygen quality. Additionally C. sakazakii has been isolated from various foods such as meat, vegetables, cheese, seed and spices. In addition to surviving for a long time in powdered infant formula, it is also important that powdered infant cereals, some vegetables and fruits support the growth of C. sakazakii. The main preventive precautions against foodborne infections caused by opportunistic pathogen C. sakazakii are to provide efficient heat treatment and to prevent possible contaminations from production environment that could occur after the heat treatment.

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