Mehmet AĞAR, İlham GÜLÇEK, Muhammed KALKAN

İNTRAPLEVRAL FİBRİNOLİTİK TEDAVİ ETKİNLİĞİ

Giriş: Komplike olmuş plevral aralığı dolduran sıvılar akciğerin restriksiyonuna neden olarak ekspansiyonunu engeller. Böylece akciğerin normal işlevini bozarak müdahale gerektirecek duruma gelmesine neden olabilirler. Streptokinaz ya da Tissue Plazminojen Activatörü (tPA) intra plevral boşluğa verilerek bu alanda oluşan fibrin ve diğer bazı proteinleri parçalayarak etki eder. Uygun zamanda yapılan intraplevral fibrinolitik tedavi (IPFT) ile fibrin oluşma süreci kesintiye uğratılır. Böylece akciğer üzerinde fibröz kabuk gelişimi önlenerek hasta daha invaziv işlemlerden kurtarılabilir. Metot: Bu çalışmada 2003-2020 yılları arasında komplike olmuş plevral aralığı dolduran sıvılar için tüp veya kateter torakostomisi ile IPFT uygulanan 280 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Fibrinolitik ajan, 100 cc serum fizyolojik içerisinde tüp veya kateter torakostomi aracılığı ile intraplevral boşluğa verildi. Optimum etkiyi sağlamak için tüp veya kateter torakostomi 1-4 saat klemplendi. Sonrasında klemp açılarak yakın drenaj takipleri yapıldı. IPFT ajanı olarak 100 cc SF içinde 250000 IU streptokinaz veya 5-10mg/gün Tissue Plazminojen Activatörü (tPA) uygulandı. Bulgular: IPFT uygulanan 280 hastanın 195’i (%69.6) erkek, 85’i (%30.6) kadın hastaydı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 51.5 (en küçük 5y ve en büyük 86y) olarak hesaplandı. Plevral aralıktan 85 (%30.3) olguya streptokinaz, 195 (%69.7) olguya Tissue Plazminojen Activatörü (tPA) uygulandı. Uygulanan bu tedavi sonrası hastaların 252’sinde tam yanıt, 11’inde kısmi yanıt alınırken, tedavi uygulanmasına rağmen 17 hastada tedaviye yanıt alınamadı. Komplikasyon olarak hastaların 12’sinde intraplevral kanama ve 13’ünde aseptik poş gözlendi. Uyguladığımız bu tedavinin başarısı %90 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: Drene olmayan komplike plevral efüzyon tedavisinde daha invazif cerrahi girişimler yerine IPFT güvenli, etkili ve yan etkisi az başarısı yüksek , bir uygulamadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İntraplevral fibrinolitik, Streptokinaz, Tissue plazminojen aktivatörü (t-PA), Plevral efüzyon.

EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRAPLEURAL FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY

Objectives: Fluids filling the complicated pleural space may disrupt the normal function of the lung and require medical or surgical intervention. Streptokinase or Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) acts by breaking down fibrin and some other proteins, and with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) performed at the appropriate time, this process can be interrupted, the development of fibrous crust on the lung can be prevented, and the patient can be saved from undergoing more invasive procedures. Method: In this study, 280 cases who underwent IPFT with tube/catheter thoracostomy between 2003 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Fibrinolytic agent dissolved in 100 cc saline was administered through the intrapleural space via tube or catheter thoracostomy. Thoracostomy tube or catheter was clamped for 1-4 hours to ensure optimum effect. Then, the clamp was opened, and the patient was followed up with close drainage. As an IPFT agent in 100 cc of saline solution, 250000 IU of streptokinase or daily doses of 5-10mg Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) was applied. Results: A total of 280 patients (195 (69.6%) male and 85 (30.6%) female) with a mean age of 51.5 (5-86) years underwent IPFT. Streptokinase was applied through the pleural space to 85 (30.3%) and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) to 195 (69.7%) cases. After this treatment, complete response was obtained in 252 and partial response in 11 patients. As complications, intrapleural bleeding was observed in 12 and aseptic pouch in 13 cases. The success of the treatment was determined as 90 percent. Conclusion: Instead of more invasive surgical procedures in the treatment of non-draining complicated pleural effusion, IPFT is a safe, effective, and highly successful procedure with a lower side effect profile.

Keywords:

Intrapleural fibrinolytic, Streptokinase, Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), Pleural effusion,

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