Şizofreni Hastası Bireylerde Yaşanan Bilişsel Gerilemenin Giderilmesine ve İşlevselliğin Arttırılmasına Ergoterapi Perspektifinden Bakış

Şizofreni, kişinin öz bakımını, ebeveynliğini, iş yaşamını, okul hayatını, başka kişilerin desteğine ihtiyaç duyarak yaşamasını, kişinin sosyal hayatındaki ilişkilerini ve serbest zamanların değerlendirilmesinde işlevselliğin bozulmasına neden olan ruhsal bir bozukluktur. Kişide kayıtsızlık, dış dünyadan kopma ve bilişsel bozulmalarla nitelenen önemli yitimlere neden olur. Şizofreni hastalarında yaşanan kognitif gerileme ve işlevsellikteki azalma en fazla bildirilen sorunlardandır. Ruhsal hastalık tanısı ile işlevsellik arasında bariz bir şekilde bağlantı olduğu günümüzde, klinik uzmanlar tarafından belirtilen ortak bir görüştür. Kişi çoğu zaman yaşadığı sorunlarla nasıl başa çıkabileceğini bilemez ve bu durum işlevsel iyileşme sürecinde gecikmelere neden olur. Bunun yanında yeti kaybı çoğu ruhsal probleme göre daha fazla olan şizofreni hasta popülasyonu, yaşadıkları toplum ve sahip oldukları aileleri için maddi, manevi ve pek çok açıdan ağır bir yük oluşturmaktadır. Ailesi hasta bireyin bakımını sağlarken çoğu zaman zorlanır ve yaşadıkları bu zorluk ailenin stres düzeyinin artmasına neden olur. Kişi, şizofreni tanısı aldıktan sonra; rol kayıpları, maddi kayıplar, sosyal geri çekilme, kendini toplumdan tecrit etme, günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yerine getirmekte zorlanmalar yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmada şizofreni tanısı almış bireylerin hastalıklarının ciddiyeti göz önünde bulundurularak, farmakolojik tedavilerin yanında terapötik yaklaşımlarla beraber uygulanan ergoterapi çalışmalarının, yaşanan bilişsel gerileme ve işlevsel bozulmaya etkisi hakkında bilgiler paylaşılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ergoterapi, işlevsellik, kognitif gerileme, psikiyatri, şizofreni

A Perspective of Occupational Therapy at Relieving Cognitive Decline and Increasing Functioning in Individuals with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is an important mental disorder characterized by indifference, detachment from the outside world, and cognitive disorders that lead to impaired functionality in one's self-care, parenting, work life, school life, seeking minimal help from others, relationships in one's social life, and leisure time. Cognitive strain and decreased functionality in patients with schizophrenia are among the most frequently reported problems. It is a common view expressed by clinical experts today that there is a clear connection between the diagnosis of mental illness and functioning. The person often does not know how to cope with the problems they experience, and this causes delays in the functional recovery process. In addition, the schizophrenia patient population, whose disability is more than most mental problems, creates a heavy burden for the society they live in and the families they have, financially, morally and in many respects. The family often has difficulties while providing the care of the sick individual, and this difficulty causes the stress level of the family to increase. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia, the person experiences loss of roles, financial losses, social withdrawal, isolating himself from the society, and difficulties in fulfilling daily life activities. In this study, information about the effects of occupational therapy studies applied together with therapeutic approaches as well as pharmacological treatments on cognitive decline and functional deterioration will be shared, taking into account the severity of the diseases of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Keywords:

Occupational therapy, functionality, cognitive decline, psychiatry, schizophrenia,

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