Kanser Kök Hücrelerine Güncel Yaklaşım

Kanser Kök Hücreleri (KaKH), normal kök hücreler gibi kendi kendini yenileme ve farklılaşma yeteneğine sahip hücreler olup meme, beyin, akciğer, prostat, testis, over, yemek borusu, kolon, karaciğer gibi birçok dokuda bulunur. Kökenleri henüz keşfedilmemiştir, ancak bu konuda bir dizi hipotez öne sürülmüştür. KaKH tümörün başlangıcından sorumlu ve tümör dokusundaki çok sayıda farklılaşmış hücre topluluğunu oluşturan hücrelerdir. Her bir kanserin kök hücresini tanımlayan biyobelirteçler vardır. KaKH’lerin ve normal kök hücrelerin kendi kendini yenileme ve farklılaşmasında aynı özgü sinyal iletim sistemleri rol oynamaktadır. Fakat KaKH’lerde bu sinyal iletim sistemlerinin düzenlenmesi değişmektedir.KaKH'leri sadece kanserin yaratılmasında değil, evriminde, metastazında ve geç dönemde yeniden ortaya çıkmasında da rol oynamaktadır. MikroRNA'lar, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch ve Hedgehog gibi sinyal yolaklarından oluşan bir düzenleme ağı KaKH özelliklerini kontrol eder. KaKH'leri kanser tedavisinde, konvansiyonel kemoterapi ve radyasyon tedavisine karşı dirençte rol oynarak, kanser metastazının kökeni olarak değerlendirilebilir. KaKH'leri yeni kanser önleyici ilaç keşfi için tedavi protokollerinde hedef haline gelmiştir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar kanserin tedavisi için KaKH’leri hedef alan tedavilerin geliştirilmesine öncülük edecektir.

Current Approach to Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) are cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation, such as normal stem cells and are found in many tissues such as breast, brain, lung, prostate, testis, ovary, esophagus, colon, liver. Their origins have not yet been discovered, but a number of hypotheses have been put forward. CSCs are cells that drive tumorigenesis, as well as give rise to a large population of differentiated progeny that make up the bulk of the tumor.Each cancer has biomarkers that identify the stem cell. The same specific signaling pathways play a functional role in CSC renewal and differentiation as with normal stem cells, the only difference being that the same signaling pathways are dysregulated in CSCs. CSCs play a role in not only the creation of cancer, but also in its evolution, metastasis, and recurrence. MicroRNAs and several signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Hedgehog control the properties of CSCs.CSCs are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment and that CSCs are very likely to be the origin of cancer metastasis. CSCs are believed to be an important target for novel anti-cancer drug discovery. Future studies will lead to the development of therapies that target CSCs for the treatment of cancer.

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